Lc mixtures with negative delta epsiloncontaining cc-4-v1 and cob(s)-n-om

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to liquid-crystal (LC) media having negative dielectric anisotropy comprising one or more compounds of formula Iand one, two, three or more compounds of formula IIIas defined in claim 1, and to the use of the LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular useful to enable energy-saving LC displays of the VA, IPS or FFS type.

The present invention relates to chiral liquid-crystal (LC) media having negative dielectric anisotropy and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays.

One of the liquid-crystal display (LCD) modes used at present is the TN (“twisted nematic”) mode. However, TN LCDs have the disadvantage of a strong viewing-angle dependence of the contrast.

In addition, so-called VA (“vertically aligned”) displays are known which have a broader viewing angle. The LC cell of a VA display contains a layer of an LC medium between two transparent electrodes, where the LC medium usually has a negative dielectric anisotropy. In the switched-off state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surfaces (homeotropically) or have a tilted homeotropic alignment. On application of an electrical voltage to the two electrodes, a realignment of the LC molecules parallel to the electrode surfaces takes place.

Also known are so-called IPS (“in-plane switching”) displays, which contain an LC layer between two substrates, where the two electrodes are arranged on only one of the two substrates and preferably have intermeshed, comb-shaped structures. On application of a voltage to the electrodes, an electric field which has a significant component parallel to the LC layer is thereby generated between them. This causes realignment of the LC molecules in the layer plane.

Furthermore, so-called FFS (“fringe-field switching”) displays have been reported (see, inter alia, S.H. Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Volume 43, No. 3, 2004, 1028), which contain two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which structured in a comb-shaped manner and the other is unstructured. A strong, so-called “fringe field” is thereby generated, i.e. a strong electric field close to the edge of the electrodes, and, throughout the cell, an electric field which has both a strong vertical component and also a strong horizontal component. FFS displays have a low viewing-angle dependence of the contrast. FFS displays usually contain an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy, and an alignment layer, usually of polyimide, which provides planar alignment to the molecules of the LC medium.

FFS displays can be operated as active-matrix or passive-matrix displays. In the case of active-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by integrated, non-linear active elements, such as, for example, transistors (for example thin-film transistors (“TFTs”)), while in the case of passive-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by the multiplex method, as known from the prior art.

Furthermore, FFS displays have been disclosed (see S.H. Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(20), 1998, 2882-2883 and S.H. Lee et al., Liquid Crystals 39(9), 2012, 1141-1148), which have similar electrode design and layer thickness as FFS displays, but comprise a layer of an LC medium with negative dielectric anisotropy instead of an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy. The LC medium with negative dielectric anisotropy shows a more favourable director orientation that has less tilt and more twist orientation compared to the LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy, as a result of which these displays have a higher transmission. The displays further comprise an alignment layer, preferably of polyimide provided on at least one of the substrates that is in contact with the LC medium and induces planar alignment of the LC molecules of the LC medium. These displays are also known as “Ultra Brightness FFS (UB-FFS)” mode displays. These displays require an LC medium with high reliability.

In VA displays of the more recent type, uniform alignment of the LC molecules is restricted to a plurality of relatively small domains within the LC cell. Disclinations may exist between these domains, also known as tilt domains. VA displays having tilt domains have, compared with conventional VA displays, a greater viewing-angle independence of the contrast and the grey shades. In addition, displays of this type are simpler to produce since additional treatment of the electrode surface for uniform alignment of the molecules in the switched-on state, such as, for example, by rubbing, is no longer necessary. Instead, the preferential direction of the tilt or pretilt angle is controlled by a special design of the electrodes.

In so-called MVA (“multidomain vertical alignment”) displays, this is usually achieved by the electrodes having protrusions which cause a local pretilt. As a consequence, the LC molecules are aligned parallel to the electrode surfaces in different directions in different, defined regions of the cell on application of a voltage. “Controlled” switching is thereby achieved, and the formation of interfering disclination lines is prevented. Although this arrangement improves the viewing angle of the display, it results, however, in a reduction in its transparency to light. A further development of MVA uses protrusions on only one electrode side, while the opposite electrode has slits, which improves the transparency to light. The slitted electrodes generate an inhomogeneous electric field in the LC cell on application of a voltage, meaning that controlled switching is still achieved. For further improvement of the transparency to light, the separations between the slits and protrusions can be increased, but this in turn results in a lengthening of the response times. In so-called PVA (“patterned VA”) displays, protrusions are rendered completely superfluous in that both electrodes are structured by means of slits on the opposite sides, which results in increased contrast and improved transparency to light, but is technologically difficult and makes the display more sensitive to mechanical influences (“tapping”, etc.). For many applications, such as, for example, monitors and especially TV screens, however, a shortening of the response times and an improvement in the contrast and luminance (transmission) of the display are demanded.

A further development are displays of the so-called PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type, for which the term “polymer stabilised” is also occasionally used. In these, a small amount (for example 0.3% by weight, typically < 1 % by weight) of one or more polymerisable, compound(s), preferably polymerisable monomeric compound(s), is added to the LC medium and, after filling the LC medium into the display, is polymerised or crosslinked in situ, usually by UV photopolymerisation, optionally while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display. The polymerisation is carried out at a temperature where the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, usually at room temperature. The addition of polymerisable mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds, also known as reactive mesogens or “RMs”, to the LC mixture has proven particularly suitable.

In the meantime, the PS(A) principle is being used in various conventional LC display modes. Thus, for example, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS and PS-TN displays are known. The polymerisation of the RMs preferably takes place with an applied voltage in the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, and with or without, preferably without, an applied voltage in the case of PS-IPS displays. As can be demonstrated in test cells, the PS(A) method results in a pretilt in the cell. In the case of PS-VA displays, the pretilt has a positive effect on response times. For PS-VA displays, a standard MVA or PVA pixel and electrode layout can be used. In addition, however, it is also possible, for example, to manage with only one structured electrode side and no protrusions, which significantly simplifies production and at the same time results in very good contrast and in very good transparency to light.

PS-VA displays are described, for example, in EP 1 170 626 A2, US 6,861,107, US 7,169,449, US 2004/0191428 A1, US 2006/0066793 A1 and US 2006/0103804 A1. PS-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.-J- Chen et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2006, 2702-2704 and S. H. Kim, L.-C- Chien, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2004, 7643-7647. PS-IPS displays are described, for example, in US 6,177,972 and Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75(21), 3264. PS-TN displays are described, for example, in Optics Express 2004, 12(7), 1221.

Below the layer formed by the phase-separated and polymerised RMs which induce the above mentioned pretilt angle, the PSA display typically contains an alignment layer on one or both of the substrates forming the display cell, that provides the initial alignment of the LC molecules before the polymer stabilisation step. The alignment layer is usually applied on the electrodes (where such electrodes are present) such that it is in contact with the LC medium and induces initial alignment of the LC molecules. The alignment layer may comprise or consist of, for example, a polyimide, which may also be rubbed, or may be prepared by a photoalignment method.

Like the conventional LC displays described above, PSA displays can be operated as active-matrix or passive-matrix displays. In the case of active-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by integrated, non-linear active elements, such as, for example, transistors (for example thin-film transistors (“TFTs”)), while in the case of passive-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by the multiplex method, as known from the prior art.

In particular for monitor and especially TV applications, optimisation of the response times, but also of the contrast and luminance (thus also transmission) of the LC display continues to be demanded. The PSA method can provide significant advantages here. In particular in the case of PS-VA, PS-IPS and PS-FFS displays, a shortening of the response times, which correlate with a measurable pretilt in test cells, can be achieved without significant adverse effects on other parameters. Another problem observed in prior art is that the use of conventional LC media in LC displays, including but not limited to displays of the PSA type, often leads to the occurrence of mura in the display, especially when the LC medium is filled in the display cell manufactured using the one drop filling (ODF) method. This phenomenon is also known as “ODF mura”. It is therefore desirable to provide LC media which lead to reduced ODF mura.

Another problem observed in prior art is that LC media for use in PSA displays, including but not limited to displays of the PSA type, do often exhibit high viscosities and, as a consequence, high switching times. In order to reduce the viscosity and switching time of the LC medium, it has been suggested in prior art to add LC compounds with an alkenyl group. However, it was observed that LC media containing alkenyl compounds often show a decrease of the reliability and stability, and a decrease of the VHR especially after exposure to UV radiation. Especially for use in PSA displays this is a considerable disadvantage, because the photopolymerisation of the RMs in the PSA display is usually carried out by exposure to UV radiation, which may cause a VHR drop in the LC medium.

Especially in view of mobile devices there is great demand for displays with high transmission, which enable the use of less intensive backlight, and, hence, leads to longer battery lifetime. Alternatively, of course, displays with higher brightness can be achieved having improved contrast especially under ambient light.

In addition there is a great demand for PSA displays, and LC media and polymerisable compounds for use in such PSA displays, which enable a high specific resistance at the same time as a large working-temperature range, short response times, even at low temperatures, and a low threshold voltage, a low pretilt angle, a multiplicity of grey shades, high contrast and a broad viewing angle, have high reliability and high values for the VHR after UV exposure, and, in case of the polymerisable compounds, have low melting points and a high solubility in the LC host mixtures. In PSA displays for mobile applications, it is especially desired to have available LC media that show low threshold voltage and high birefringence.

The invention is based on the object of providing novel suitable materials, in LC media comprising reactive mesogens (RM), for use in PSA displays, which do not have the disadvantages indicated above or do so to a reduced extent.

In particular, the invention is based on the object of LC media comprising RMs for use in PSA displays, which enable displays with high transmittance and at the same time very high specific resistance values, high VHR values, high reliability, low threshold voltages, short response times, high birefringence, show good UV absorption especially at longer wavelengths, enable quick and complete polymerisation of the RMs, allow the generation of a low pretilt angle, preferably as quickly as possible, enable a high stability of the pretilt even after longer time and/or after UV exposure, reduce or prevent the occurrence of “image sticking” and “ODF mura” in the display, and in case of the RMs polymerise as rapidly and completely as possible and show a high solubility in the LC media which are typically used as host mixtures in PSA displays.

Recently it has also been suggested to use VA or PSA displays in outdoor applications, like PIDs (Public information Displays). PID is one of the rising paradigms of the display market. There is an increasing number of PIDs for displaying various kinds of information in public areas such as train stations, streets, airports, hotels and shopping malls.

Compared to conventional LC displays as used in TV or IT applications, PIDs are particular since they are usually installed outdoors. Therefore PIDs should have higher durability and the liquid crystal media used therein a higher reliability to operate consistently in various environmental conditions, and should also have a broader operating temperature range compared to conventional LC displays. As a consequence, the LC media used in PIDs should have a broad LC phase and a very high value of T_((N,I)) (phase transition temperature from the nematic to the isotropic state, also known as “clearing temperature” or “clearing point”), which should preferably be 100° C. or more for this application.

However, the LC media which have hitherto been proposed for use in VA or PSA displays do usually have a clearing temperature T_((N,I)) of less than 100° C.

There is thus still a great demand for PSA displays, and LC media optionally comprising polymerisable compounds for use in FFS, VA or PSA displays, which do not show the drawbacks as described above, or only do so to a small extent, and have improved properties.

These objects have been achieved in accordance with the present invention by materials and processes as described in the present application. In particular, it has been found, surprisingly, that the use of liquid crystalline hosts as described hereinafter allows achieving the advantageous effects as mentioned above.

The invention relates to a

-   liquid crystal medium comprising one or more compounds of formula I

-   

-   and

-   one, two, three or more compounds of formula III

-   

-   in which

-   R³¹ and R³², each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl     or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where one or more CH₂     groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one     another, by

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, by —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a     way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in     which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen,

-   A³ on each occurrence, independently of one another, denotes a     1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced     by N, or a 1=,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-cyclohexenylene radical, in     which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— or     —S—, where the radicals may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen     atoms,

-   Z³ on each occurrence independently of one another denotes —CF₂O—,     —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single     bond, preferably CH₂O or a single bond,

-   L³¹ and L³², each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃     or CHF₂, preferably F or Cl, very preferably F,

-   W denotes O or S, preferably S, and

-   n denotes 0, 1 or 2;

-   the medium optionally further comprising a polymerisable compound of     formula R

-   

-   in which the individual radicals, independently of each other and on     each occurrence identically or differently, have the following     meanings:

-   P a polymerisable group,

-   Sp a spacer group or a single bond,

-   A¹, A² an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group,     preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which may also contain fused     rings, and which is unsubstituted, or mono- or polysubstituted by L,

-   Z¹ —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —SCH₂—,     —CH₂S—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂S—, —SCF₂—, -(CH₂)_(n1)-, —CF₂CH₂—,     —CH₂CF₂—, -(CF₂)_(n1)-, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C—,     —CH═CH—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH₂—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH₂—CH₂—,     —CR⁰R⁰⁰—, or a single bond,

-   R⁰, R⁰⁰ H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms,

-   R H, L, or P—Sp—,

-   L F, Cl, —CN, P—Sp— or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl     having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH₂-groups     are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—     in such a manner that O— and/or S-atoms are not directly connected     with each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally     replaced by P—Sp—, F or Cl,

-   z 0, 1, 2 or 3,

-   n1 1, 2, 3 or 4.

The invention furthermore relates to an LC display comprising the LC medium described above.

The invention furthermore relates to an LC medium or LC display as described above comprising one or more compounds of formula R, wherein the compounds of formula R are polymerised.

The invention furthermore relates to a process for preparing an LC medium as described above and below, comprising the steps of mixing one or more compounds of the formulae I and III and preferably with one or more compounds selected from the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID, and optionally with one or more compounds of formula R, and optionally with further LC compounds and/or additives.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of LC media according to the invention in PSA displays, in particular to the use in PSA displays containing an LC medium, for the production of a tilt angle in the LC medium by in-situ polymerisation of the compound(s) of the formula R in the PSA display, preferably in an electric or magnetic field.

The invention furthermore relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the invention, in particular an IPS, FFS, VA or PSA display, particularly preferably a VA or a PS-VA display.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of LC media according to the invention in polymer stabilised SA-VA displays, and to a polymer stabilised SA-VA display comprising the LC medium according to the invention.

The invention furthermore relates to an LC display of the VA or PSA type comprising two substrates, at least one which is transparent to light, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and located between the substrates a layer of an LC medium that comprises one or more polymerisable compounds and an LC component as described above and below, wherein the polymerisable compounds are polymerised between the substrates of the display.

The invention furthermore relates to a process for manufacturing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of filling or otherwise providing an LC medium, which optionally comprises one or more polymerisable compounds as described above and below, between the substrates of the display, and optionally polymerising the polymerisable compounds.

The PSA displays according to the invention have two electrodes, preferably in the form of transparent layers, which are applied to one or both of the substrates. In some displays, for example in PS-VA displays, one electrode is applied to each of the two substrates.

In a preferred embodiment the polymerisable component is polymerised in the LC display while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display.

The polymerisable compounds of the polymerisable component are preferably polymerised by photopolymerisation, very preferably by UV photopolymerisation.

It was surprisingly found that the use of the liquid crystal medium according to the invention enables displays with improved transmission while maintaining excellent performance regarding process relevant parameters, i.e.in the case of PSA displays a quick and complete UV-photopolymerisation reaction in particular at longer UV wavelengths in the range from 300-380 nm and especially above 320 nm, even without the addition of photo initiator, a fast generation of a large and stable pretilt angle, reduced image sticking and ODF mura in the display, a high reliability and a high VHR value after UV photopolymerisation, especially in case of LC host mixtures containing LC compounds with an alkenyl group, and fast response times, a low threshold voltage and a high birefringence, as well as high reliability when exposed to the environment when used outdoors.

The LC media according to the invention show the following advantageous properties when used in VA displays:

-   improved transmission of the display, -   a high clearing temperature, -   a high voltage-holding-ratio, -   fast switching, -   sufficient stability against heat and/or UV in particular when used     outdoors.

The LC media according to the invention show the following advantageous properties when used in PSA displays:

-   improved transmission of the display -   a high clearing temperature, -   a suitable tilt generation which is inside a certain process window, -   fast polymerization leading to minimal residues of RM after the     UV-process, -   a high voltage-holding-ratio after the UV-process, -   good tilt stability, -   sufficient stability against heat and/or UV in particular when used     outdoors, -   fast switching.

In particular, the liquid crystal medium according to the invention shows a favourably low ratio of rotational viscosity to the splay elastic constant γ₁ / K₁. This contributes to improved switching behaviour especially at low driving voltages which is useful to enable energy-saving displays.

In formula H, aryl denotes an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms, comprising one, two, three or four aromatic rings including condensed rings that may be linked directly or via an alkylene linking group having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms are optionally replaced with alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, or with CN, CF₃ or halogen, and in which one or more CH₂ groups may each, independently of one another, be replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, -N(C₁-C₄-alkyl)-, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C— in such a way that O or S atoms are not linked directly to one another.

Preferred aryl groups are benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, and (phenylalkyl)benzene in which alkyl is straight chain alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.

Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID,

in which

-   R^(2A), R^(2B), R^(2C) and R^(2D) each, independently of one     another, denote H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 15 C     atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF₃ or at     least monosubstituted by halogen, where, one or more CH₂ groups in     these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—,

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms     are not linked directly to one another;

-   L¹ and L² each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃ or     CHF₂;

-   Y denotes H, F, Cl, CF₃, CHF₂ or CH₃, preferably H or methyl, very     preferably H;

-   Z², Z^(2B) and Z^(2D) each, independently of one another, denote a     single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—,     preferably —CH₂O— or a single bond, very preferably a single bond,

-   p denotes 0, 1 or 2;

-   q denotes 0 or 1; and

-   v denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

Preferred compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are indicated below:

in which the parameter a denotes 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond, preferably an oxygen atom. Alkenyl preferably denotes CH₂═CH—, CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂—, CH₃—CH═CH—, CH₃—CH₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₃—CH═CH— or CH₃—CH═CH—(CH₂)₂—.

Very preferred compounds of the formula IID are selected from the following sub-formulae:

wherein v denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

Very preferred compounds of formula I are the compounds I-1 to I-14.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-10a

in which the occurring groups and parameters have the meanings given above under formula IID, and

R² denotes

in which r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and s is 1, 2 or 3.

Preferred compounds of formula IID-10a are the compounds IID-10a-1 to IID-10a-14.

Particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, IIA-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1, IID-4 and IID-10.

Very preferred media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of formula IIB-2

in which alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond, in particular the compounds IIB-2-1 and IIB-2-2:

Preferred media according to the invention comprise at least one compound of the formula IIC-1,

in which alkyl and alkyl* have the meanings indicated above, preferably in amounts of 0.5% to 5% by weight, in particular 1% to 3 % by weight.

In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-2 selected from the following sub-formulae:

Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-2a-1 to IIA-2a-5:

In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-10 or IIA-52 selected from the following sub-formulae:

Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-10a-1 to IIA-10a-5:

In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIB-10 selected from the following sub-formulae:

Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIB-10-1 to IIB-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIB-10a-1 to IIB-10a-5:

The compounds of formula III are preferably selected from the compounds of the formula III-1, III-2 and/or III-4

in which the occurring groups have the same meanings as given under formula III above and preferably

-   R³¹ and R³² each, independently of one another, an alkyl or alkoxy     radical having 1 to 15 C atoms or an alkenyl radical having 2 to 15     C atoms, more preferably one or both of them denote an alkoxy     radical having 1 to 7 C atoms, and -   L³¹ and L³² preferably denote F.

The liquid crystal medium according to the invention preferably comprises one, two or more compounds of formula III-2.

Preferably, the compounds of the formula III-1 selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-1-1 to III-1-10, preferably of formula III-1-6,

in which

alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms, and L³¹ and L³² each, independently of one another, denote F or Cl, preferably both F.

Preferably, the compounds of the formula III-2 are selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-2-1 to III-2-10, preferably of formula III-2-6,

in which

alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms, and L³¹ and L³² each, independently of one another, denote F or Cl, preferably both F.

Optionally the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-1 and/or IIIA-2

in which L³¹ and L³² have the same meanings as given under formula III, (O) denotes O or a single bond,

-   R^(IIIA) denotes alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms or a group     Cy-C_(m)H_(2m+1)-, -   m and n are, identically or differently, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,     preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, -   Cy denotes a cycloaliphatic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which     is optionally substituted with alkyl or alkenyl each having up to 3     C atoms, or with halogen or CN, and preferably denotes cyclopropyl,     cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl.

The compounds of formula IIIA-1 and/or IIIA-2 are contained in the medium either alternatively or in addition to the compounds of formula III, preferably additionally.

Very preferred compounds of the formulae IIIA-1 and IIIA-2 are the following:

in which alkoxy denotes a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms or alternatively —(CH₂)_(n)F in which n is 2,3,4, or 5, preferably C₂H₄F.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3

in which

R³¹, R³² identically or differently, denote H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals are optionally replaced, independently of one another, by —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—,

, —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen.

The compounds of formula III-3 are preferably selected from the group of compounds of the formulae III-3-1 to III-3-10:

in which R³² denotes alkyl having 1 to 7 C-atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively —(CH₂)_(n)F in which n is 2,3,4, or 5, preferably C₂H₄ F.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae III-4 to III-6, preferably of formula III-5,

in which the parameters have the meanings given above, R³¹ preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms and R³² preferably denotes alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment the media comprise one or more compounds of the formula I selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-7 to III-9, preferably of formula III-8,

in which the parameters have the meanings given above, R³¹ preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms and R³² preferably denotes alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV,

in which

-   R⁴¹ denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms or     an unsubstituted alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably     an n-alkyl radical, particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C     atoms, and -   R⁴² denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms or     an unsubstituted alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, both     preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl radical     having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, more     preferably a vinyl radical or a 1-propenyl radical and in particular     a vinyl radical, -   where the compound of formula I is excluded from formula IV.

The compounds of the formula IV are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IV-1 to IV-4,

in which

-   alkyl and alkyl′, independently of one another, denote alkyl having     1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, -   alkenyl denotes an alkenyl radical having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably     having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably 2 C atoms, -   alkenyl’ denotes an alkenyl radical having 2 to 5 C atoms,     preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably having 2     to 3 C atoms, and -   alkoxy denotes alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to     4 C atoms.

Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-1-1 to IV-1-4

Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IV-2-1 and/or IV-2-2

More preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-3,

in which very preferably alkyl has the meanings defined above and alkenyl denotes

in which m is 0, 1 or 2 and n is 0, 1 or 2, in particular selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-3-1 to IV-3-6, very particularly preferably of the formula IV-3-2:

Very preferably, the medium comprises, in particular in addition to the compounds of the formulae IV-3-1 to IV-3-6, one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-7 to IV-3-9

Very particularly, the concentration of the compounds of the formulae IV-3-7 to IV-3-9

in the medium according to the invention is less than 5% or less than 4% or less than 3%.

Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV-3 and one or more compounds of the formula IV-1, where the total concentration of the compounds of the formula IV-1 is in the range of from 1% to 30%.

Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of formula IV-4, in particular selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-4-1 to IV-4-3, in particular of the formula IV-4-3

In an embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula I selected from the compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-4 in combination with one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IA-1 to IA-18:

in which alkyl denotes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or n-pentyl.

The liquid-crystalline medium preferably additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula IVa,

in which

-   R⁴¹ and R⁴² each, independently of one another, denote a     straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxy radical     having up to 12 C atoms, and

-   

-   denotes

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   Z⁴ denotes a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—,     —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C₂F₄—, —C₄H₈—, —CF═CF—.

Preferred compounds of the formula IVa are indicated below:

in which

alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms.

The medium according to the invention preferably comprises at least one compound of the formula IVa-1 and/or formula IVa-2.

The proportion of compounds of the formula IVa in the mixture as a whole is preferably less than 5 % by weight, very preferably less than 2% by weight.

Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3

in which

-   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a     straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, and -   alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a     straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2 to 6 C atoms.

The proportion of the biphenyls of the formulae IV-1 to IV-3 in the mixture as a whole is preferably less than 3 % by weight, in particular less than 2 % by weight.

Of the compounds of the formulae IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compounds of the formula IVb-2 are particularly preferred.

Particularly preferred biphenyls are

in which alkyl* denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms and preferably denotes n-propyl or n-butyl. The medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IVb-1-1 and/or IVb-2-3.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula V

in which

-   R⁵¹, R⁵² denote alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, cyclic alkyl having 3     to 12 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl     or alkenyloxy each having 2 to 7 C atoms,

-   

-   

-   identically or differently, denote

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   Z⁵¹, Z⁵² each, independently of one another, denote —CH₂—CH₂—,     —CH₂—O—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —COO— or a single bond, and

-   n is 1 or 2.

The compounds of formula V are preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae V-1 to V-17:

in which R⁵¹ and R⁵² have the meanings indicated for Formula V above. R⁵¹ and R⁵² preferably each, independently of one another, denote straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.

Preferred media comprise one or more compounds of the formulae V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15, and/or V-16, very preferably V-3 or V-7.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula V-7, preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae V-7a to V-7e:

in which alkyl denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl denotes an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, and cycloalkyl denotes a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms, preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylalkyl, cyclobutylalkyl or cyclopentylalkyl.

Very preferred compounds of the formulae V-7a to V-7e are selected from the compounds of the formulae V7-b1 to V7-b3, V-7d-1 to V-7d-8 and V-7e-1 to V-7e-12.

in which alkyl denotes ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, preferably n-propyl.

In Formula V, R⁵¹ and R⁵² very preferably, independently of one another, denote straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of formula VI

in which R⁶ and R⁶² have the meanings of R^(2A) as defined in claim 1 and R⁶² alternatively denotes F, Cl, CF₃ or OCF₃, preferably F, and L⁶¹, L⁶², L⁶³, L⁶⁴, L⁶⁵, and L⁶⁶ independently denote H or F, where at least one of L⁶¹, L⁶², L⁶³, L⁶⁴, L⁶⁵, and L⁶⁶ denotes F.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VI-1 to VI-21,

in which R⁶ denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) denotes —O— or a single bond, and m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R⁶ preferably denotes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, p ropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy.

Particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, VI-20 and VI-21.

Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises the compound of formula IV-4, in particular the compounds of the formula IV-4-1:

in which R⁶ and m have the meanings defined above and preferably R⁶ denotes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, or n-pentyl, and m is 2, 3 or 4.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of formula VIA

in which R⁶ and R⁶² have the meanings of R^(2A) as defined in claim 1 and R⁶² alternatively denotes F, Cl, CF₃ or OCF₃, preferably F, and L⁶¹, L⁶², L⁶³, L⁶⁴, L⁶⁵, and L⁶⁶ independently denote H or F, where at least one of L⁶¹, L⁶², L⁶³, L⁶⁴, L⁶⁵, and L⁶⁶ denotes F and

Z⁶¹ and Z⁶² independently denote a single bond, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—O—, —CH═CH—,—C≡C—, —COO— or —CF₂—O— but Z⁶¹ ≠ Z⁶².

Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises the compound of formula VIA-1 and/or formula X

in which R⁶ and m have the meanings defined above and preferably R⁶ denotes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, or n-pentyl, and m is 2, 3 or 4. In a particular preferred embodiment R⁶ denotes n-propyl and m denotes 2.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-9

in which

-   R⁷ denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C     atoms, or a straight chain alkenyl radical having 2 to 6 C atoms,     and -   w is an integer from 1 to 6.

Particular preference is given to mixtures comprising at least one compound of the formula V-9.

Particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, VI-20 and VI-21. In these compounds, R preferably denotes alkyl, furthermore alkoxy, each having 1 to 5 C atoms. In the compounds of the formula VI-20, R preferably denotes alkyl or alkenyl, in particular alkyl. In the compound of the formula VI-21, R preferably denotes alkyl.

Further preferred embodiments are listed below:

a) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formulae Z-1 to Z-8,

in which R and alkyl have the meanings indicated above for formula III and alkyl denotes a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment the liquid crystal mixtures according to the present invention contain at least one compound of formula Z-8.

b) Preferred liquid-crystalline media according to the invention comprise one or more substances which contain a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, such as, for example, the compounds of the formulae N-1 to N-5,

in which R^(1N) and R^(2N) each, independently of one another, have the meanings indicated for R^(2A), preferably denote straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy or straight-chain alkenyl, and

Z¹ and Z² each, independently of one another, denote —C₂H₄—, —CH═CH—, —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₃O—, —O(CH₂)₃—, —CH═CHCH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH═CH—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂— or a single bond.

c) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of the difluorodibenzochroman compounds of the formula BC, chromans of the formula CR, and fluorinated phenanthrenes of the formulae PH-1 and PH-2,

in which R^(B1), R^(B2), R^(CR1), R^(CR2), R¹, R² each, independently of one another, have the meaning of R^(2A). c is 0, 1 or 2. R¹ and R² preferably, independently of one another, denote alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms.

Particularly preferred compounds of the formulae BC and CR are the compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5,

in which

-   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a     straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, and -   alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a     straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2 to 6 C atoms. -   Very particular preference is given to mixtures comprising one, two     or three compounds of the formula BC-2, BF-1 and/or BF-2.

d) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more indane compounds of the formula In,

in which

-   R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ each, independently of one another, denote a     straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyl radical having     1 to 6 C atoms,

-   R¹² and R¹³ alternatively denote halogen, preferably F,

-   

-   denotes

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   i denotes 0, 1 or 2.

Preferred compounds of the formula In are the compounds of the formulae In-1 to In-16 indicated below:

Particular preference is given to the compounds of the formulae In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4.

e) Preferred mixtures additionally comprise one or more compounds of the formulae L-1 to L-11,

in which

-   R, R¹ and R² each, independently of one another, have the meanings     indicated for R^(2A) in formula IIA above, and alkyl denotes an     alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms. The parameter s denotes 1 or 2. -   The compounds of the formulae L-1 to L-9 are preferably employed in     concentrations of 5 to 15 % by weight, in particular 5 to 12 % by     weight and very particularly preferably 8 to 10 % by weight.

f) Preferred mixtures additionally comprise one or more compounds of formula IIA-Y

in which R¹¹ and R¹² have one of the meanings given for R^(2A) in formula IIA above, and L¹ and L², identically or differently, denote F or Cl and L³ denotes H or CH₃.

Preferred compounds of the formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae

in which, alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms; alkoxy denotes a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms; alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and O denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond; alkenyl and alkenyl* preferably denote CH₂═CH—, CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂—, CH₃—CH═CH—, CH₃—CH₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₃—CH═CH— or CH₃—CH═CH—(CH₂)₂—.

Particularly preferred compounds of the formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of following sub-formulae:

in which alkoxy and alkoxy* have the meanings defined above and preferably denote methoxy, ethoxy, n- propyloxy, n-butyloxy or n-pentyloxy.

g) The medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae P-1 to P-4:

in which

-   R^(P) denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1-6 C     atoms or an alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, preferably alkyl -   X^(P) straight-chain alkyl having 1-6 C atoms, F, Cl, CF₃, OCF₂H,     OCF₃, OCHFCF₃, OCF₂CHFCF₃, OCH═CF₂, preferably F, OCF₃ or CF₃, CH₃ -   L^(P1), L^(P2) and L^(P3) each independently of one another denote H     or F.

Preferred compounds of the formulae P1 to P4 are listed in the following:

wherein R^(P) has the meanings given above. Preferably R^(P) denotes alkyl or alkenyl, in particular ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, CH₂═CH—, CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂—, CH₃—CH═CH—, CH₃—CH₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₃—CH═CH— or CH₃—CH═CH—(CH₂)₂— and alkyl denotes a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

h) In a preferred embodiment the mixtures according to Claim 1 contain at least one compound selected from the group of compounds of formula IIA-18, IIA-42, IIA-49, IIA-51, IIA-52, IID-4, IID-10, III-3, III-4, IIIA-1-3, IVb-1, IV-b-2, VIA-1, X, V-11, V-17, Z-8 and IIA-Y.

Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula H

in which

-   Ar denotes an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4     to 40 C atoms, preferably 6 to 30 C atoms;

-   Sp denotes a spacer group;

-   R^(S) denotes H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to     12 C atoms;

-   Z^(S) denotes —O—, —C(O)O—, —(CH₂)_(z)— or —(CH₂)_(z)O—, or a single     bond;

-   HA denotes

-   

-   R^(H) denotes H, O·, CH₃, OH or OR^(S), preferably H or O·;

-   R^(S1), R^(S2), R^(S3) and R^(S4), identically or differently,     denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 3 C     atoms, very preferably CH₃;

-   G denotes H or R^(S) or a group Z^(S)-HA;

-   z is an integer from 1 to 6; and

-   q is 3 or 4.

The compounds of formula H are described in EP3354710 A1 and EP3354709 A1. The compounds of formula H are preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae H-1, H-2 and H-3:

in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably denote H or O·, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7, and Sp denotes a spacer group, preferably alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms in which one or more non-adjacent —CH₂— groups may be replaced with —O—.

Preferred compounds of formula H-1 are selected from the compounds of the formula H-1-1 :

in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably denotes H or O·, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7.

Preferred compounds of formula H-2 are selected from the compounds of the formula H-2-1 :

in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably denotes H or O·, and n2, on each occurrence identically or differently, preferably identically, is an integer from 1 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, very preferably 3, and R^(S) on each occurrence identically or differently, preferably identically, denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably n-butyl.

Preferred compounds of formula H-3 are selected from the compounds of the formula H-3-1 :

in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably denotes H or O·, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7.

Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound selected from the group of compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18:

in which

-   R^(ST) denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms,     where, in addition, one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may     each be replaced, independently of one another by —C≡C—, —CF₂O—,     —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—,

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   , —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked     directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H     atoms may be replaced by halogen,

-   

-   , on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes

-   

-   

-   Z^(ST) each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO—,     —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —CH═CH—,     —CH₂O—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—,     —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond,

-   L¹ and L² each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CH₃, CF₃     or CHF₂,

-   p denotes 0, 1 or 2,

-   q denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

Of the compounds of the formula ST, special preference is given to the compounds of the formulae ST-3 and in particular:

in which n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n = 3

in which n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n = 3

in which n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n = 1 or 7

In the compounds of the formulae ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably denotes 3. In the compounds of the formula ST-2a, n preferably denotes 7.

Very particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more stabilizers from the group of the compounds of the formulae ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1 and ST-12:

The compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-19 are preferably each present in the liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0.005 - 0.5%, based on the mixture.

If the mixtures according to the invention comprise two or more compounds from the group of the compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18, the concentration correspondingly increases to 0.01 - 1% in the case of two compounds, based on the mixtures.

However, the total proportion of the compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18, based on the mixture according to the invention, should not exceed 2%.

The medium according to the invention preferably has negative dielectric anisotropy. In a preferred embodiment, the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of the formulae PI and PII below, which preferably have positive dielectric anisotropy.

The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae PI and PII

in which

-   R² and R³ denote H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 12 C     atoms, in which one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals are     optionally replaced by

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   —O—,—CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked     directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be     replaced by halogen, preferably alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or     alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 9 C atoms     in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, and

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   , independently of one another denote

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   L²¹, L²²,

-   L³¹ and L³² independently of each other, denote H or F,

-   Y² and Y³ identically or differently, denote H or CH₃,

-   X² and X³ independently of each other, denote halogen, halogenated     alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 3 C-atoms or halogenated alkenyl or     alkenyloxy with 2 or 3 C-atoms, preferably F, Cl, CF₃, OCF₃ or     OCHF₂, more preferably F or OCF₃,

-   Z³ denotes —CH₂CH₂—, —CF₂CF₂—, —COO—, trans- —CH═CH—, trans—CF═CF—,     —CH₂O— or a single bond, and

-   l, m, n and o are, independently of each other, 0 or 1, where the     compounds of formula I are excluded from formula III; and

Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula II, preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1 to PI-3, very preferably from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1 and PI-3

in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given under formula II above and in formula PI-1 the radicals L²³ and L²⁴ denote, independently of each other and of the other parameters, H or F and in formula PI-2 preferably

independently of each other, denote

In formulae PI-1, PI-2 and PI-3, L²¹ and L²² or L²³ and L²⁴ are preferably both F.

In another preferred embodiment in formulae PI-1 and PI-2, all of L²¹, L²², L²³ and L²⁴ denote F.

The compounds of formula PI-1 are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1 a to PI-1h

in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given above.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae PI-1 a to PI-1h wherein L²¹ and L²², and/or L²³ and L²⁴ are both F, respectively.

In another preferred embodiment the medium comprises compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1a to PI-1h, wherein L²¹, L²², L²³ and L²⁴ all are F.

Especially preferred compounds of formula PI-1 are

in which R² has the meaning given above.

Preferably the compounds of formula PI-2 are selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-2a to PI-2c

in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given above and preferably L²¹ and L²² are both F.

Preferably the compounds of formula PI-3 are selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-3a to PI-3e

in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given above and preferably

-   L²¹ and L²² are both F and L²³ and L²⁴ are both H or -   L^(21,) L²², L²³ and L²⁴ are all F.

Especially preferred compounds of formula PI-3 are

in which R² has the meaning given above.

In addition to the preferred compounds of formula II above the medium optionally comprises one or more compounds of formula II selected from the compounds of the formulae PIA-1 to PIA-7:

in which R² and X² have the meanings given in formula II or one of the preferred meanings given above and below.

Preferred compounds are those of formula PIA-1, PIA-2 and PIA-3, very preferred those of formula PIA-1 and PIA-2.

In the compounds of formulae PIA-1 to PIA-7 R² preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or n-propyl, and X² preferably denotes F or OCF₃, very preferably F.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III preferably selected from the group of formulae PII-1 and PII-2, preferably of formula PII-2:

in which the occurring groups and parameters have the respective meanings given under formula III above.

Preferably the compounds of formula PII-1 are selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-1a and PII-1b

in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given above and L³³ and L³⁴, independently of each other, denote H or F.

The compounds of formula PII-1 a are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-1 a-1 to PII-1 a-6

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

Preferably the compounds of formula PII-2 are selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2a to PII-2m

in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings given above and L³⁵ and L³⁶, independently of one another, denote H or F.

Preferably, the compounds of formula II-2a are selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2a-1 to PII-2a-4

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2b are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2b-1 and PII-2b-2, preferably PII-2b-2

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula II-2c, are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2c-1 to PII-2c-5

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formulae PII-2d and PII-2e are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2d-1 and PII-2e-1

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2f are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2f-1 to PII-2f-7

The compounds of formula PII-2g are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2g-1 to PII-2g-7

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2h are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2h-1 to PII-2h-5

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2i are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2i-1 to PII-2i-3

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2j are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2j-1 to PII-2j-3

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2k are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2k-1 to PII-2k-6

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2l are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2l-1 to PII-2l-6

in which R³ has the meaning given above.

The compounds of formula PII-2m are preferably selected from the compounds of formula PII-2m-1

Alternatively or in addition to the compounds of the formulae PII-1 and/or PII-2 the media according to the present invention optionally comprise one or more compounds of formula PII-3,

in which the groups and parameters have the respective meanings given under formula III above,

-   preferably of formula PII-3a

-   

-   in which the R³ has the meaning given above.

In addition to the preferred compounds of formula III above the medium optionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae PIA-1 to PIA-21:

in which R³ and X³ have the meanings given in formula III or one of the preferred meanings given above and below. Preferred compounds are those of formula PIA-1, PIA-4, PIA-6, PIA-16, PIA-19 and PIA-20.

In the compounds of formulae PIA-1 to PIA-21 R³ preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, X³ preferably denotes F or OCF₃, very preferably F.

The term “reliability” as used herein means the quality of the performance of the display during time and with different stress loads, such as light load, temperature, humidity, voltage, and comprises display effects such as image sticking (area and line image sticking), mura, yogore etc. which are known to the skilled person in the field of LC displays. As a standard parameter for categorising the reliability usually the voltage holding ration (VHR) value is used, which is a measure for maintaining a constant electrical voltage in a test display. Among other factors, a high VHR is a prerequisite for a high reliability of the LC medium.

Unless indicated otherwise, the term “PSA” is used hereinafter when referring to displays of the polymer sustained alignment type in general, and the term “PS” is used when referring to specific display modes, like PS-VA, PS-TN and the like.

Also, unless indicated otherwise, the term “RM” is used hereinafter when referring to a polymerisable mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compound.

As used herein, the terms “active layer” and “switchable layer” mean a layer in an electrooptical display, for example an LC display, that comprises one or more molecules having structural and optical anisotropy, like for example LC molecules, which change their orientation upon an external stimulus like an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change of the transmission of the layer for polarized or unpolarized light.

As used herein, the terms “tilt” and “tilt angle” will be understood to mean a tilted alignment of the LC molecules of an LC medium relative to the surfaces of the cell in an LC display (here preferably a PSA display). The tilt angle here denotes the average angle (< 90°) between the longitudinal molecular axes of the LC molecules (LC director) and the surface of the plane-parallel outer plates which form the LC cell. A low value for the tilt angle (i.e. a large deviation from the 90° angle) corresponds to a large tilt here. A suitable method for measurement of the tilt angle is given in the examples. Unless indicated otherwise, tilt angle values disclosed above and below relate to this measurement method.

As used herein, the terms “reactive mesogen” and “RM” will be understood to mean a compound containing a mesogenic or liquid crystalline skeleton, and one or more functional groups attached thereto which are suitable for polymerisation and are also referred to as “polymerisable group” or “P”.

Unless stated otherwise, the term “polymerisable compound” as used herein will be understood to mean a polymerisable monomeric compound.

As used herein, the term “low-molecular-weight compound” will be understood to mean to a compound that is monomeric and/or is not prepared by a polymerisation reaction, as opposed to a “polymeric compound” or a “polymer”.

As used herein, the term “unpolymerisable compound” will be understood to mean a compound that does not contain a functional group that is suitable for polymerisation under the conditions usually applied for the polymerisation of the RMs.

The term “mesogenic group” as used herein is known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature, and means a group which, due to the anisotropy of its attracting and repelling interactions, essentially contributes to causing a liquid-crystal (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or polymeric substances. Compounds containing mesogenic groups (mesogenic compounds) do not necessarily have to have an LC phase themselves. It is also possible for mesogenic compounds to exhibit LC phase behaviour only after mixing with other compounds and/or after polymerisation. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod- or disc-shaped units. An overview of the terms and definitions used in connection with mesogenic or LC compounds is given in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368.

As used herein, the terms “optically active” and “chiral” are synonyms for materials that are able to induce a helical pitch in a nematic host material, also referred to as “chiral dopants”.

The term “spacer group”, hereinafter also referred to as “Sp”, as used herein is known to the person skilled in the art and is described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368. As used herein, the terms “spacer group” or “spacer” mean a flexible group, for example an alkylene group, which connects the mesogenic group and the polymerisable group(s) in a polymerisable mesogenic compound.

Above and below,

denotes a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene ring.

In a group

the single bond shown between the two ring atoms can be attached to any free position of the benzene ring.

Above and below “organic group” denotes a carbon or hydrocarbon group.

“Carbon group” denotes a mono- or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, where this either contains no further atoms (such as, for example, —C≡C—) or optionally contains one or more further atoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge (for example carbonyl, etc.). The term “hydrocarbon group” denotes a carbon group which additionally contains one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge.

“Halogen” denotes F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl.

—CO—, —C(═O)— and —C(O)— denote a carbonyl group, i.e.

A carbon or hydrocarbon group can be a saturated or unsaturated group.

Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups. A carbon or hydrocarbon radical having more than 3 C atoms can be straight-chain, branched and/or cyclic and may also contain spiro links or condensed rings.

The terms “alkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, etc., also encompass polyvalent groups, for example alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, etc.

The term “aryl” denotes an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom. The term “heteroaryl” denotes “aryl” as defined above, containing one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

Herein, alkyl is straight-chain or branched and has 1 to 15 C atoms, is preferably straight-chain and has, unless indicated otherwise, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and is accordingly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl.

Herein, branched alkyl is alkyl having a secondary and/or tertiary, preferably secondary, carbon atom and is preferably isopropyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, isopentyl, 2-methylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl.

Herein, a cyclic alkyl group is taken to mean a cycloalphatic radical or an alkyl group in which a methylene group is replaced with a cycloalphatic group (i.e. a cycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkylalkyl), which may be saturated or partially unsaturated, and preferably denotes cyclopropyl, methylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, methylcyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, methylcyclopentyl, cyclopent-1-enyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclopent-1-enylmethyl.

Herein, an alkoxy radical is straight-chain or branched and contains 1 to 15 C atoms. It is preferably straight-chain and has, unless indicated otherwise, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and is accordingly preferably methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy or n-heptoxy.

Herein, an alkenyl radical is preferably an alkenyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms, which is straight-chain or branched and contains at least one C—C double bond. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2 to 7 C atoms. Accordingly, it is preferably vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hept-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl. If the two C atoms of the C-C double bond are substituted, the alkenyl radical can be in the form of E and/or Z isomer (trans/cis). In general, the respective E isomers are preferred. Of the alkenyl radicals, prop-2-enyl, but-2- and -3-enyl, and pent-3- and -4-enyl are particularly preferred.

Herein, alkynyl is taken to mean an alkynyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms, which is straight-chain or branched and contains at least one C—C triple bond. 1- and 2-propynyl and 1-, 2- and 3-butynyl are preferred.

Preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, very preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms, or optionally substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms, wherein one or more C atoms may also be replaced by hetero atoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl, C₃-C₂₀ allyl, C₄-C₂₀ alkyldienyl, C₄-C₂₀ polyenyl, C₆-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₅ cycloalkenyl, C₆-C₃₀ aryl, C₆-C₃₀ alkylaryl, C₆-C₃₀ arylalkyl, C₆-C₃₀ alkylaryloxy, C₆-C₃₀ arylalkyloxy, C₂-C₃₀ heteroaryl, C₂-C₃₀ heteroaryloxy.

Particular preference is given to C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₆-C₂₅ aryl and C₂-C₂₅ heteroaryl.

Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN and in which one or more non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(R^(x))═C(R^(x))—, -C≡-, —N(R^(x))—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another.

R^(x) preferably denotes H, F, Cl, CN, a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or denotes an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group with 6 to 30 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group with 2 to 30 C atoms.

Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecanyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, etc.

Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, etc.

Preferred alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octynyl, etc.

Preferred alkoxy groups are, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy, etc.

Preferred amino groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, etc.

Aryl and heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic, i.e. they can contain one ring (such as, for example, phenyl) or two or more rings, which may also be fused (such as, for example, naphthyl) or covalently bonded (such as, for example, biphenyl), or contain a combination of fused and linked rings. Heteroaryl groups contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from O, N, S and Se.

Particular preference is given to mono-, bi- or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25 C atoms and mono-, bi- or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Preference is furthermore given to 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups, in which, in addition, one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S or O in such a way that O atoms and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another.

Preferred aryl groups are, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1′:3′,1″]terphenyl-2′-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, binaphthyl, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, fluorene, indene, indenofluorene, spirobifluorene, etc.

Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, 5-membered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 6-membered rings, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine, or condensed groups, such as indole, isoindole, indolizine, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, purine, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazinimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, benzoisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzopyridazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenazine, naphthyridine, aza-carbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithienothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, benzothiadiazothiophene, or combinations of these groups.

The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned above and below may also be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl or further aryl or heteroaryl groups.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups encompass both saturated rings, i.e. those containing exclusively single bonds, and also partially unsaturated rings, i.e. those which may also contain multiple bonds. Heterocyclic rings contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from Si, O, N, S and Se.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e. contain only one ring (such as, for example, cyclohexane), or polycyclic, i.e. contain a plurality of rings (such as, for example, decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Particular preference is given to saturated groups. Preference is furthermore given to mono-, bi- or tricyclic groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Preference is furthermore given to 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered carbocyclic groups, in which, in addition, one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and/or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N and/or one or more non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— and/or —S—.

Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups, such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiofuran, pyrrolidine, 6-membered groups, such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, piperidine, 7-membered groups, such as cycloheptane, and fused groups, such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methanoindane-2,5-diyl.

Preferred substituents are, for example, solubility-promoting groups, such as alkyl or alkoxy, electron-withdrawing groups, such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile, or substituents for increasing the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the polymer, in particular bulky groups, such as, for example, t-butyl or optionally substituted aryl groups.

Preferred substituents, hereinafter also referred to as “L^(s)”, are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO₂, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, ₋C(═O)N(R^(x))₂, —C(═O)Y¹, —C(═O)R^(x), —N(R^(x))₂, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy each having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may optionally be replaced by F or Cl, optionally substituted silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms, or optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15, C atoms,

-   wherein R^(x) denotes H, F, Cl, CN, or straight chain, branched or     cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more     non-adjacent CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—,     —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O-and/or S-atoms are     not directly connected with each other, and wherein one or more H     atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl, P— or P—Sp—, and -   Y¹ denotes halogen.

“Substituted silyl or aryl” preferably means substituted by halogen, —CN, R⁰, —OR⁰, —CO—R⁰, —CO—O—R⁰, —O—CO—R⁰ or —O—CO—O—R⁰, wherein R⁰ denotes H or alkyl with 1 to 20 C atoms.

Particularly preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO₂, CH₃, C₂H₅, OCH₃, OC₂H₅, COCH₃, COC₂H₅, COOCH₃, COOC₂H₅, CF₃, OCF₃, OCHF₂, OC₂F₅, furthermore phenyl.

A¹ and A² very preferably denote

in which L has one of the meanings indicated above and r denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular

denotes

Throughout the patent application, 1,4-cyclohexylene rings and 1,4-phenylene rings are depicted as follows:

The cyclohexylene rings are trans-1,4-cyclohexylene rings.

The polymerisable group P is a group which is suitable for a polymerisation reaction, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerisation, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for a polymer-analogous reaction, for example addition or condensation onto a main polymer chain. Particular preference is given to groups for chain polymerisation, in particular those containing a C═C double bond or —C≡C—triple bond, and groups which are suitable for polymerisation with ring opening, such as, for example, oxetane or epoxide groups.

Preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH₂═CW¹—CO—O—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—,

CH₂═CW²—(O)_(k3)—, CW¹═CH—CO—(O)_(k3)—, CW¹═CH—CO—NH—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, CH₃—CH═CH—O—,

(CH₂═CH)₂CH—OCO—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂CH—OCO—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—CO—, HO—CW²W³—, HS—CW²W³—, HW²N—, HO—CW² ³—NH—,CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, CH₂═CH—(COO)_(k1)—Phe—(O)_(k2)—, CH₂═CH—(CO)_(k1)—Phe—(O)_(k2)—, Phe—CH═CH—, HOOC-, OCN— and W⁴ ⁵W⁶Si—, in which W¹ denotes H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH₃, W² and W³ each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W⁴, W⁵ and W⁶ each, independently of one another, denote Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W⁷ and W⁸ each, independently of one another, denote H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe denotes 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals L as defined above which are other than P—Sp—, k₁, k₂ and k₃ each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k₃ preferably denotes 1, and k₄ denotes an integer from 1 to 10.

Very preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH₂═CW¹—CO—O—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—,

CH₂═CW²—O—, CH₂═CW²—, CW¹═CH—CO—(O)_(k3)—, CW¹═CH—CO—NH—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—OCO—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂CH—OCO—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—CO—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, CH₂═CH—(COO)_(k1)—Phe—(O)_(k2)—, CH₂═CH—(CO)_(k1)—Phe—(O)_(k2)—, Phe—CH═CH— and W⁴W⁵W⁶Si-, in which W¹ denotes H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH₃, W² and W³ each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W⁴, W⁵ and W⁶ each, independently of one another, denote Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W⁷ and W⁸ each, independently of one another, denote H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe denotes 1,4-phenylene, k₁, k₂ and k₃ each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k₃ preferably denotes 1, and k₄ denotes an integer from 1 to 10.

Very particularly preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH₂═CW¹—CO—O—, in particular CH₂═CH—CO—O—, CH₂═C(CH₃)—CO—O— and CH₂═CF—CO—O—, furthermore CH₂═CH—O—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—CO—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—,

Further preferred polymerisable groups P are selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

If the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp″-X″, so that the respective radical P—Sp— conforms to the formula R—Sp″—X″—, wherein

Sp″ denotes linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN and in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —O—, —S—,

-   —NH—, —N(R⁰)—, —Si(R⁰R⁰⁰)—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —S—CO—, -   —CO—S—, —N(R⁰⁰)—CO—O—, —O—CO—N(R⁰)—, —N(R⁰)—CO—N(R⁰⁰)—, —CH═CH— or     —C≡C— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to     one another, -   X″ denotes —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—N(R⁰)—, -   —N(R⁰)—CO—, —N(R⁰)—CO—N(R⁰⁰)—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —SCH₂—, —CH₂S—, -   —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂S—, —SCF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CF₂—, -   —CH═N—, —N═CH—, —N═N—, —CH═CR⁰—, —CY²═CY³—, —C≡C—, -   —CH═CH—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH═CH— or a single bond, -   R⁰ and R⁰⁰ each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl     having 1 to 20 C atoms, and -   Y² and Y³ each, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl or CN.

X″ is preferably —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —O—COO—, —CO—NR⁰—, —NR⁰—CO—, —NR⁰—CO—NR⁰⁰— or a single bond.

Typical spacer groups Sp and —Sp″—X″— are, for example, -(CH₂)_(p1)-, -(CH₂)_(p1)—O—, -(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—, -(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—O—, -(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—O—, -(CH₂CH₂O)_(q1)—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—S—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—NH—CH₂CH₂— or —(SiR⁰R⁰⁰—O)_(p1)-, in which p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R⁰ and R⁰⁰ have the meanings indicated above.

Particularly preferred groups Sp and —Sp″—X″— are -(CH₂)_(p1)-, -(CH₂)_(p1)—O—, -(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—, -(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—O—, -(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—O—, in which p1 and q1 have the meanings indicated above.

Particularly preferred groups Sp″ are, in each case straight-chain, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae contain a spacer group Sp that is substituted by one or more polymerisable groups P, so that the group Sp—P corresponds to Sp(P)_(s), with s being ≥2 (branched polymerisable groups).

Preferred spacer groups Sp(P)₂ are selected from formulae S1, S2 and S3.

Very preferred spacer groups Sp(P)₂ are selected from the following sub-formulae:

-CHPP S1a —O—CHPP S1b —CH₂—CHPP S1c —OCH₂—CHPP S1d —CH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P) S2a —OCH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P) S2b —CH₂—CH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P) S2c —OCH₂—CH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P) S2d —CO—NH((CH₂)₂P)((CH₂)₂P) S3a

In the compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

Further preferred are compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae as described above and below, wherein all polymerisable groups P that are present in the compound have the same meaning, and very preferably denote acrylate or methacrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

In the compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae as described above and below, R preferably denotes P—Sp—.

Further preferred are compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae as described above and below, wherein Sp denotes a single bond or -(CH₂)_(p1)-, —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1), or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1), wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and, if Sp is —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1) or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1) the O-atom or CO-group, respectively, is linked to the benzene ring.

Further preferred are compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is a single bond.

Further preferred are compounds of formula R and its sub-formulae as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is different from a single bond, and is preferably selected from —(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1), or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1), wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and, if Sp is —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1) or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1) the O-atom or CO-group, respectively, is linked to the benzene ring.

Very preferred groups —A¹—(Z—A²)_(z)— in formula R are selected from the following formulae

wherein at least one benzene ring is substituted by at last one group L and the benzene rings are optionally further substituted by one or more groups L or P—Sp—.

Preferred compounds of formula R and their sub-formulae are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof:

-   All groups P in the compound have the same meaning, -   -A¹-(Z-A²)_(z)- is selected from formulae A1, A2 and A5, -   the compounds contain exactly two polymerizable groups (represented     by the groups P), -   the compounds contain exactly three polymerizable groups     (represented by the groups P), -   P is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate     and oxetane, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate, -   P is methacrylate, -   all groups Sp are a single bond, -   at least one of the groups Sp is a single bond and at least one of     the groups Sp is different from a single bond, -   — Sp, when being different from a single bond, is —(CH₂)_(p2)—,     —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—,     -   —(CH₂)_(p2)—CO—O—, —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—CO—, wherein p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5         or 6, and the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is connected         to the benzene ring, -   — Sp is a single bond or denotes —(CH₂)_(p2)—, —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—,     —(CH₂)_(p2)—CO—O—, -(CH₂)_(p2)—O—CO—, wherein p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,     and the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is connected to the     benzene ring, -   R denotes P—Sp—, -   R does not denote or contain a polymerizable group, -   R does not denote or contain a polymerizable group and denotes     straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms,     wherein one or more non-adjacent CH₂-groups are optionally replaced     by —O—,     -   —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O—         and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and         wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F,         Cl or L^(a), -   L or L′ denote F, Cl or CN, -   L is F.

Suitable and preferred compounds of formula R are selected from the following formulae:

in which the individual radicals have the following meanings:

-   P¹, P² and P³ each, independently of one another, denote an acrylate     or methacrylate group, -   Sp¹, Sp² and Sp³ each, independently of one another, denote a single     bond or a spacer group having one of the meanings indicated above     and below for Sp, and particularly preferably denote —(CH₂)_(p1)—,     —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO— or     —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—O—, in which p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, where,     in addition, one or more of the radicals ^(P1)-Sp¹-, P²-Sp²- and     P³-Sp³-may denote R^(aa), with the proviso that at least one of the     radicals ^(P1)-Sp¹-, ^(P2)-Sp²- and ^(P3)-Sp³- present is different     from R^(aa), -   R^(aa) denotes H, F, Cl, CN or straight-chain or branched alkyl     having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more     non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each be replaced, independently of one     another, by —C(R⁰)═C(R⁰⁰)—, —C═C—, —N(R⁰)—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—,     —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked     directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H     atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P¹-Sp¹-, particularly     preferably straight-chain or branched, optionally mono- or     polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl,     alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12     C atoms (where the alkenyl and alkynyl radicals have at least two C     atoms and the branched radicals have at least three C atoms), -   R⁰, R⁰⁰ each, independently of one another and identically or     differently on each occurrence, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C     atoms, -   R^(y) and R^(z) each, independently of one another, denote H, F, CH₃     or CF₃, -   X¹, X² and X³ each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—,     —O—CO— or a single bond, -   Z¹ denotes —O—, —CO—, —C(R^(y)R^(z))— or —CF₂CF₂—, -   Z² and Z³ each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO—,     —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, where n is 2, 3 or 4, -   L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN     or straight-chain or branched, optionally mono- or polyfluorinated     alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,     alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms,     preferably F, -   L′ and L″ each, independently of one another, denote H, F or Cl,

k denotes 0 or 1, r denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, s denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, t denotes 0, 1 or 2, x denotes 0 or 1.

Especially preferred are compounds of the formulae R2, R13, R17, R22, R23, R24, R30, R31 and R32.

Further preferred are trireactive compounds R15 to R30, in particular R17, R18, R19, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R30, R31 and R32.

In the compounds of formulae R1 to R32 the group

is preferably

wherein L on each occurrence, identically or differently, has one of the meanings given above or below, and is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO₂, CH₃, C₂H₅, C(CH₃)₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH(CH₃)C₂H₅, OCH₃, OC₂H₅, COCH₃, COC₂H₅, COOCH₃, COOC₂H₅, CF₃, OCF₃, OCHF₂, OC₂ F₅ or P—Sp—, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH₃, C₂H₅, OCH₃, COCH₃, OCF₃ or P—Sp—, more preferably F, Cl, CH₃, OCH₃, COCH₃ oder OCF₃, especially F or CH₃.

For the production of PSA displays, the polymerisable compounds contained in the LC medium are polymerised or crosslinked (if one compound contains two or more polymerisable groups) by in-situ polymerisation in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display, optionally while a voltage is applied to the electrodes.

The structure of the PSA displays according to the invention corresponds to the usual geometry for PSA displays, as described in the prior art cited at the outset. Geometries without protrusions are preferred, in particular those in which, in addition, the electrode on the colour filter side is unstructured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots. Particularly suitable and preferred electrode structures for PS-VA displays are described, for example, in US 2006/0066793 A1.

A preferred PSA type LC display of the present invention comprises:

-   a first substrate including a pixel electrode defining pixel areas,     the pixel electrode being connected to a switching element disposed     in each pixel area and optionally including a micro-slit pattern,     and optionally a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel     electrode, -   a second substrate including a common electrode layer, which may be     disposed on the entire portion of the second substrate facing the     first substrate, and optionally a second alignment layer, -   an LC layer disposed between the first and second substrates and     including an LC medium comprising a polymerisable component     comprising one or more compounds of formula R and a chiral nematic     liquid crystal host including as described above and below, wherein     the polymerisable component may also be polymerised.

The first and/or second alignment layer controls the alignment direction of the LC molecules of the LC layer. For example, in PS-VA displays the alignment layer is selected such that it imparts to the LC molecules homeotropic (or vertical) alignment (i.e. perpendicular to the surface) or tilted alignment. Such an alignment layer may for example comprise a polyimide, which may also be rubbed, or may be prepared by a photoalignment method.

The LC layer with the LC medium can be deposited between the substrates of the display by methods that are conventionally used by display manufacturers, for example the so-called one-drop-filling (ODF) method. The polymerisable component of the LC medium is then polymerised for example by UV photopolymerisation. The polymerisation can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

The PSA display may comprise further elements, like a colour filter, a black matrix, a passivation layer, optical retardation layers, transistor elements for addressing the individual pixels, etc., all of which are well known to the person skilled in the art and can be employed without inventive skill.

The electrode structure can be designed by the skilled person depending on the individual display type. For example for PS-VA displays a multi-domain orientation of the LC molecules can be induced by providing electrodes having slits and/or bumps or protrusions in order to create two, four or more different tilt alignment directions.

Upon polymerisation the polymerisable compounds form a crosslinked polymer, which causes a certain pretilt of the LC molecules in the LC medium. Without wishing to be bound to a specific theory, it is believed that at least a part of the crosslinked polymer, which is formed by the polymerisable compounds, will phase-separate or precipitate from the LC medium and form a polymer layer on the substrates or electrodes, or the alignment layer provided thereon. Microscopic measurement data (like SEM and AFM) have confirmed that at least a part of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC/substrate interface.

The polymerisation can be carried out in one step. It is also possible firstly to carry out the polymerisation, optionally while applying a voltage, in a first step in order to produce a pretilt angle, and subsequently, in a second polymerisation step without an applied voltage, to polymerise or crosslink the compounds which have not reacted in the first step (“end curing”).

Suitable and preferred polymerisation methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerisation, preferably photopolymerisation, in particular UV induced photopolymerisation, which can be achieved by exposure of the polymerisable compounds to UV radiation.

Optionally one or more polymerisation initiators are added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for the polymerisation and suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Suitable for free-radical polymerisation are, for example, the commercially available photo initiators Irgacure651®, Irgacure184®, Irgacure907®, Irgacure369® or Darocure1 173® (Ciba AG). If a polymerisation initiator is employed, its proportion is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1 % by weight.

The polymerisable compounds according to the invention are also suitable for polymerisation without an initiator, which is accompanied by considerable advantages, such, for example, lower material costs and in particular less contamination of the LC medium by possible residual amounts of the initiator or degradation products thereof. The polymerisation can thus also be carried out without the addition of an initiator. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium thus does not contain a polymerisation initiator.

The LC medium may also comprise one or more stabilisers in order to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerisation of the RMs, for example during storage or transport. Suitable types and amounts of stabilisers are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable are, for example, the commercially available stabilisers from the Irganox® series (Ciba AG), such as, for example, Irganox® 1076. If stabilisers are employed, their proportion, based on the total amount of RMs or the polymerisable component (component P), is preferably 10-500,000 ppm, particularly preferably 50-50,000 ppm.

The polymerisable compounds of formula R do in particular show good UV absorption in, and are therefore especially suitable for, a process of preparing a PSA display including one or more of the following features:

-   the polymerisable medium is exposed to UV light in the display in a     2-step process, including a first UV exposure step (“UV-1 step”) to     generate the tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step (“UV-2 step”)     to finish polymerization, -   the polymerisable medium is exposed to UV light in the display     generated by an energy-saving UV lamp (also known as “green UV     lamps”). These lamps are characterized by a relative low intensity     (1/100-⅒ of a conventional UV1 lamp) in their absorption spectra     from 300-380 nm, and are preferably used in the UV2 step, but are     optionally also used in the UV1 step when avoiding high intensity is     necessary for the process. -   the polymerisable medium is exposed to UV light in the display     generated by a UV lamp with a radiation spectrum that is shifted to     longer wavelengths, preferably 340 nm or more, to avoid short UV     light exposure in the PS-VA process.

Both using lower intensity and a UV shift to longer wavelengths protect the organic layer against damage that may be caused by the UV light.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a process for preparing a PSA display as described above and below, comprising one or more of the following features:

-   the polymerisable LC medium is exposed to UV light in a 2-step     process, including a first UV exposure step (“UV-1 step”) to     generate the tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step (“UV-2 step”)     to finish polymerization, -   the polymerisable LC medium is exposed to UV light generated by a UV     lamp having an intensity of from 0.5 mW/cm² to 10 mW/cm² in the     wavelength range from 300-380 nm, preferably used in the UV2 step,     and optionally also in the UV1 step, -   the polymerisable LC medium is exposed to UV light having a     wavelength of 340 nm or more, and preferably 400 nm or less.

This preferred process can be carried out for example by using the desired UV lamps or by using a band pass filter and/or a cut-off filter, which are substantially transmissive for UV light with the respective desired wavelength(s) and are substantially blocking light with the respective undesired wavelengths. For example, when irradiation with UV light of wavelengths λ of 300-400 nm is desired, UV exposure can be carried out using a wide band pass filter being substantially transmissive for wavelengths 300 nm < λ < 400 nm. When irradiation with UV light of wavelength λ of more than 340 nm is desired, UV exposure can be carried out using a cut-off filter being substantially transmissive for wavelengths λ > 340 nm.

“Substantially transmissive” means that the filter transmits a substantial part, preferably at least 50% of the intensity, of incident light of the desired wavelength(s). “Substantially blocking” means that the filter does not transmit a substantial part, preferably at least 50% of the intensity, of incident light of the undesired wavelengths. “Desired (undesired) wavelength” e.g. in case of a band pass filter means the wavelengths inside (outside) the given range of λ, and in case of a cut-off filter means the wavelengths above (below) the given value of λ.

This preferred process enables the manufacture of displays by using longer UV wavelengths, thereby reducing or even avoiding the hazardous and damaging effects of short UV light components.

UV radiation energy is in general from 6 to 100 J, depending on the production process conditions.

Preferably the LC medium according to the present invention essentially consist of a polymerisable component P) comprising or one or more polymerisable compounds of formula R, and an LC host mixture, and an optically active component comprising one or more chiral dopants, as described above and below. However, the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more further components or additives, preferably selected from the list including but not limited to co-monomers, polymerisation initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, dispersing agents, hydrophobing agents, adhesive agents, flow improvers, defoaming agents, deaerators, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colourants, dyes, pigments and nanoparticles.

The LC media according to the invention comprise one, two or three chiral dopants, very preferably one chiral dopant.

Particular preference is given to LC media comprising one, two or three polymerisable compounds of formula R.

Preference is furthermore given to LC media that have a chiral nematic LC phase.

Preferably the proportion of compounds of formula R in the LC medium is from >0 to < 5%, very preferably from >0 to < 1%, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.5%.

Preferred embodiments, taken alone or in combination with one another, are listed below. The medium according to the invention preferably comprises

-   the compound of formula I in a concentration in the range of from 5%     to 35%, preferably from 10% to 30% very preferably from 15% to 25%; -   one, two, three or more compounds of the formula III in a total     concentration in the range of from 5% to 25%, more preferably from     6% to 20%, very preferably from 7% to 18% and in particular from 9%     to 15%; -   one or more compounds of the formula III-3 in a total concentration     in the range of from 2% to 15%, more preferably from 4% to 14% and     very preferably from 5% to 12%; -   one, two or more compounds of the formula III-1 and/or III-2,     preferably III-2, and one or more compounds of the formula III-3 in     a total concentration in the range of from 5% to 25%, more     preferably from 7% to 20% and very preferably from 10% to 18%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA in a total concentration in     the range of from 1% to 50%, more preferably from 5% to 35% and very     preferably from 7% to 30% or from 10% to 30%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA-2 in a total concentration     in the range of from 5% to 35%, more preferably from 6% to 30% and     very preferably from 7% to 28%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA-10 in a total concentration     in the range of from 2% to 20%, more preferably from 4% to 15% and     very preferably from 5% to 13%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIB, preferably of the formula     IIB-2 and/or IIB-10, in a total concentration in the range of from     2% to 30%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIB-2 in a total concentration     in the range of from 15% to 40%, more preferably from 17% to 35% and     very preferably from 19% to 33%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA-2 and one or more compounds     of the formula IIB-2 in a total concentration in the range of from     10% to 30%, more preferably from 11% to 28% and very preferably from     12% to 24%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IIC, in a total concentration     in the range of from 1% to 15%, more preferably from 2% to 13% and     very preferably from 3% to 12%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IID, more preferably IID-10 in     a total concentration in the range of from 10% to 40%, more     preferably from 15% to 35% and very preferably from 19% to 32%; -   one or more compounds of formula IIA and one or more compounds of     formula IIB in a total concentration in the range of from 15% to     45%, more preferably from 18% to 42%, and very preferably from 20%     to 40%; -   one or more compounds of formula IIA and one or more compounds of     formula IID in a total concentration in the range of from 15% to     45%, more preferably from 18% to 42%, and very preferably from 20%     to 40%; -   one or more compounds of formula IIB and one or more compounds of     formula IID in a total concentration in the range of from 15% to     35%, more preferably from 20% to 32%, and very preferably from 22%     to 30%; -   one or more compounds of formula IIA and one or more compounds of     formula IIB and one or more compounds of formula IIC and one or more     compounds of formula IID in a total concentration in the range of     from 40% to 70%, more preferably from 45% to 65%, and very     preferably from 50% to 60%; -   one or more compounds of the formula III and one or more compounds     selected from the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID in a total     concentration in the range of from 40% to 70%, more preferably from     45% to 65%, and very preferably from 50% to 60%; -   one or more compounds of the formula I and one or more compounds of     the formula IV-3-2 in a total concentration in the range of from 15%     to 40%, more preferably from 22% to 38%, and very preferably from     25% to 35%; -   one or more compounds of the formula I and one or more compounds     selected from the formulae IV, IVa and IVb in a total concentration     in the range of from 20% to 60%, more preferably from 28% to 55%,     and very preferably from 32% to 50%; -   one or more compounds of the formula I and one or more compounds     selected from the formulae IV, IVa and IVb and one or more compounds     of formula V in a total concentration in the range of from 35% to     70%, more preferably from 40% to 65%, and very preferably from 45%     to 60%; -   one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-6, IV-3-7 and IV-3-8,     preferably IV-3-6, in a total concentration of less than 30%,     preferably less than 25%, more preferably less than 24% or less than     23% or less than 22%; -   the compound of the formula IV-3-6, in a total concentration in the     range of from 0% to 5%, preferably 0%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 in a total concentration     in the range of from 1 % to 30%, more preferably from 2% to 22%, and     very preferably from 3% to 20%; -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 in a total concentration     in the range of from 15% to 25%, -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 in a total concentration     in the range of from 7% to 13%, -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 in a total concentration     in the range of from 1 % to 8%, -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-2 in a total concentration     in the range of from 1 % to 14%, more preferably from 2% to 13%,     still more preferably from 3% to 12% and very preferably from 8% to     11 %; -   one or more compounds of the formula IVa and/or IVb in a total     concentration in the range of from 1 % to 12%, more preferably from     2% to 11 %, very preferably from 3% to 10%; -   one or more compounds of the formula V in a total concentration in     the range of from 3% to 30%, more preferably from 5% to 25%, and     very preferably from 6% to 20%; -   one or more compounds of the formula V-10 in a total concentration     in the range of from 1 % to 25%, more preferably from 3% or 5% or 7%     to 22%, still more preferably from 10% to 20% and very preferably     from 13% to 18%; -   one or more compounds of the formula V-16 in a total concentration     in the range of from 1 % to 12%, more preferably from 3% to 11 %,     still more preferably from 5% to 10% and very preferably from 6% to     9%; -   one or more compounds of the formula PI-3, preferably of the formula     PI-3a, very preferably of the formula PI-3a-2, preferably in a     concentration in the range of from 0.05% to 1 %, more preferably     from 0.1 % to 0.8%, in particular from 0.2% to 0.4; -   one or more compounds of the formula PII-2, preferably of the     formula PII-2m, very preferably of the formula PII-2m-1, preferably     in a concentration in the range of from 0.05% to 3%, more preferably     from 0.1% to 2%, in particular from 0.5% to 1.5%;

Particularly preferred mixture concepts are indicated below: (the acronyms used are explained in Tables A-D. n and m here each, independently of one another, denote 1-6).

The mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise

-   PYP-n-m, in particular PYP-2-3 and/or PYP-2-4, preferably in     concentrations > 5%, in particular 8-30%, based on the mixture as a     whole, and/or -   CPY-n-Om, in particular CPY-2-O2, CPY-3-O2 and/or CPY-5-O2,     preferably in concentrations > 5%, in particular 10-30%, based on     the mixture as a whole, and/or -   B-nO-Om and/or B(S)-nO-Om, preferably in concentrations of 1-15,     and/or -   CY-n-Om, preferably CY-3-O2, CY-3-O4, CY-5-O2 and/or CY-5-O4,     preferably in concentrations > 5%, in particular 15-50%, based on     the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CCY-n-Om, preferably CCY-4-O2, CCY-3-O2, CCY-3-O3, CCY-3-O1 and/or     CCY-5-02, preferably in concentrations > 5%, in particular 10-30%,     based on the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CLY-n-Om, preferably CL Y-2-04, CLY-3-O2 and/or CLY-3-O3, preferably     in concentrations > 5%, in particular 10-30%, based on the mixture     as a whole, and/or -   LY-n-Om, preferably LY-3-O2, preferably in concentrations > 5%, in     particular 10-30%, based on the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CCOY-n-Om, preferably CCOY-3-O2, preferably in concentrations > 5%,     in particular 10-30%, based on the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CLOY-n-Om, preferably CLOY-3-O2, preferably in concentrations > 5%,     in particular 10-30%, based on the mixture as a whole, -   CK-n-F, preferably CK-3-F, CK-4-F and/or CK-5-F, preferably > 5%, in     particular 5-25%, based on the mixture as a whole and/or -   at least two compounds of the formula PY-n-Om, preferably PY-1-O2     and PY-3-02.

Preference is furthermore given to mixtures according to the invention which comprise the following mixture concepts:

-   (n and m each, independently of one another, denote 1-6.) -   CPY-n-Om and CY-n-Om, preferably in concentrations of 10-80%, based     on the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CPY-n-Om and CK-n-F, preferably in concentrations of 10-70%, based     on the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CPY-n-Om and PY-n-Om, preferably CPY-2-O2 and/or CPY-3-O2 and     PY-3-O2, preferably in concentrations of 10-40%, based on the     mixture as a whole, and/or -   CPY-n-Om and CLY-n-Om, preferably in concentrations of 10-80%, based     on the mixture as a whole, and/or -   CC-3-V1, preferably in amounts of 3-15% and/or -   PGIY-n-Om, preferably in amounts of 3-15%, and/or -   CC-n-2V1, preferably in amounts of 3-20% and/or. -   at least 20 % of CC-3-V1 and CC-4-V1 based on the total mixture     and/or -   at least one compound of the formula III-3 and at least one compound     of formula III-1 or at least one compound of the formula III-3 and     at least one compound of formula III-2.

It is advantageous for the liquid-crystalline medium according to the invention to preferably have a nematic phase from ≤ -20° C. to ≥ 70° C., particularly preferably from ≤ -30° C. to ≥ 80° C., very particularly preferably from ≤ -40° C. to ≥ 90° C.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a clearing temperature of 70° C. or more, more preferably of 72° C. or more, and in particular of 73° C. more.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a clearing temperature of 85° C. or more, more preferably of 90° C. or more, and in particular of 92° C. more.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a clearing temperature of 100° C. or more, more preferably of 105° C. or more, very preferably of 110° C. or more and in particular of 112° C. more.

The expression “to have a nematic phase” here means on the one hand that no smectic phase and no crystallisation is observed at low temperatures at the corresponding temperature and on the other hand that clearing (phase transition to the isotropic phase) does not occur on heating of a nematic phase at a given temperature. The investigation at low temperatures is carried out in a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and checked by storage in test cells having a layer thickness corresponding to the electro-optical use for at least 100 hours. If the storage stability at a temperature of -20° C. in a corresponding test cell is 1000 h or more, the medium is referred to as stable at this temperature. At temperatures of -30° C. and -40° C., the corresponding times are 500 h and 250 h respectively. At high temperatures, the clearing point is measured by conventional methods in capillaries.

The liquid-crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60 K and a flow viscosity v₂₀ of at most 30 mm² • s-¹ at 20° C.

The mixture is nematic at a temperature of -20° C. or less, preferably at -30° C. or less, very preferably at -40° C. or less.

The medium according to the invention has a birefringence in the range of from 0.085 to 0.120, preferably from 0.095 to 0.115, in particular from 0.100 to 0.110.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.1000 to 0.1040, preferably from 0.1010 to 0.1030, in particular from 0.1015 to 0.1025.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.1005 to 0.1080, preferably from 0.1020 to 0.1075, in particular from 0.1035 to 0.1060.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.1030 to 0.1090, preferably from 0.1040 to 0.1080, in particular from 0.1050 to 0.1080.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.1050 to 0.1110, preferably from 0.1070 to 0.1105, in particular from 0.1080 to 0.1100.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δ£ of -2.5 to -5.0, preferably of -2.8 to - 4.8, in particular -3.0 to -4.5.

In a very preferred embodiment the liquid-crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δ£ of -3.8 to -4.2.

In another very preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δ£ of -3.3 to -3.8.

In yet another very preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δ£ of -2.9 to -3.3.

The rotational viscosity Υ1at 20° C. is preferably in the range of from 70 to 200 mPas, more preferably from 90 to 160 mPa s.

The medium according to the invention has an elastic constant K₁ in the range of from 14 to 25.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a ratio of the rotational viscosity to the splay elastic constant Υ₁/ K₁ of 8.2 mPa•s pN⁻¹ or less.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a ratio of the rotational viscosity to the splay elastic constant Υ₁/ K₁ in the range of from 6.0 mPa•s pN⁻¹ to 6.6 mPa•s pN⁻¹.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a ratio of the rotational viscosity to the splay elastic constant Υ₁ / K₁ in the range of from 5.5 mPa•s pN⁻¹ to 6.0.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a ratio of the rotational viscosity to the splay elastic constant Υ₁ / K₁ in the range of from 6.5 mPa•s pN⁻¹ to 6.8.

The liquid-crystal media according to the invention have relatively low values for the threshold voltage (V₀). They are preferably in the range from 1.7 V to 3.0 V, particularly preferably ≤ 2.8 V and very particularly preferably ≤ 2.6 V.

For the present invention, the term “threshold voltage” relates to the capacitive threshold (V₀), also called the Freedericks threshold, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

In addition, the liquid-crystal media according to the invention have high values for the voltage holding ratio in liquid-crystal cells.

In general, liquid-crystal media having a low addressing voltage or threshold voltage exhibit a lower voltage holding ratio than those having a higher addressing voltage or threshold voltage and vice versa.

For the present invention, the term “dielectrically positive compounds” denotes compounds having a Δ£ > 1.5, the term “dielectrically neutral compounds” denotes those having -1.5 ≤ Δ£ ≤ 1.5 and the term “dielectrically negative compounds” denotes those having Δ£ < -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compounds is determined here by dissolving 10 % of the compounds in a liquid-crystalline host and determining the capacitance of the resultant mixture in at least one test cell in each case having a layer thickness of 20 µm with homeotropic and with homogeneous surface alignment at 1 kHz. The measurement voltage is typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but is always lower than the capacitive threshold of the respective liquid-crystal mixture investigated.

All temperature values indicated for the present invention are in °C.

The mixtures according to the invention are suitable for all VA-TFT applications, such as, for example, VAN, MVA, (S)-PVA, ASV, PSA (polymer sustained VA) and PS-VA (polymer stabilized VA). They are furthermore suitable for IPS (in-plane switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) applications having negative Δ£.

It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the VA, IPS or FFS mixture according to the invention may also comprise compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl and F have been replaced by the corresponding isotopes. The compounds according to the present invention can be synthesized by or in analogy to known methods described in the literature (for example in the standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for said reactions. Use may also be made here of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here. In particular, they can be prepared as described in or in analogy to the following reaction schemes. Further methods for preparing the inventive compounds can be taken from the examples.

Other mesogenic compounds which are not explicitly mentioned above can optionally and advantageously also be used in the media in accordance with the present invention. Such compounds are known to the person skilled in the art.

For the present invention and in the following examples, the structures of the liquid-crystal compounds are indicated by means of acronyms, with the transformation into chemical formulae taking place in accordance with Tables A to C below. All radicals C_(m)H_(2m+1,) C_(n)H_(2n+1), and C_(l)H_(2l+1) or C_(m)H_(2m-1), C_(n)H_(2n-1) and C_(l)H_(2l-1) are straight-chain alkyl radicals or alkylene radicals, in each case having n, m and I C atoms respectively. Preferably n, m and l are independently of each other 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements of the nuclei of the compound, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the meanings of the symbols for the left- and right-hand end groups of the molecules. The acronyms are composed of the codes for the ring elements with optional linking groups, followed by a first hyphen and the codes for the left-hand end group, and a second hyphen and the codes for the right-hand end group. Table D shows illustrative structures of compounds together with their respective abbreviations.

TABLE A Ring elements C

D

Dl

A

Al

P

G

Gl

U

Ul

Y

P(F, Cl)Y

P(Cl,F)Y

np

n3f

nN3fl

th

thl

tH2f

tH2fl

o2f

o2fl

dh

B

B(S)

O

S

K

Kl

L

Ll

F

Fl

Bh

Bh(S)

Bf

Bf(S)

Bfi

Bfi(S)

TABLE B Bridging units E —CH₂—CH₂— V —CH═CH— T —CΞC— W —CF₂—CF₂— B —CF═CF— Z —CO—O— Zl —O—CO X —CF═CH— Xl —CH═CF— O —CH₂—O— Ol —O—CH₂— Q —CF₂—O— Ql —O—CF₂—

TABLE C End groups On the left individually or in combination On the right individually or in combination -n- C_(n)H_(2n+1-) -n —C_(n) H_(2n+1) -nO- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—O— -On —O— C_(n)H_(2n+1) -V- CH₂═CH— -V —CH═CH₂ -nV- CnH_(2n+1)—CH═CH— -nV —C_(n)H_(2n)—CH═CH₂ -Vn- CH₂═CH— CnH_(2n)— -Vn —CH═CH—C_(n)H_(2n+1) -nVm- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—CH═CH—C_(m)H_(2m)— -nVm — C_(n)H_(2n)—CH═CH—C_(m)H_(2m+1) -N- NΞC— -N —CΞN -S- S═C═N— -S —N═C═S -F- F— -F —F -CL- Cl— -CL —Cl -M- CFH₂— -M —CFH₂ -D- CF₂H— -D —CF₂H -T- CF₃— -T —CF₃ -MO- CFH₂O — -OM —OCFH₂ -DO- CF₂HO — -OD —OCF₂H -TO- CF₃O — -OT —OCF₃ -A H—C≡C— -A —C≡C—H -nA- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—C≡C— -An -C≡C-C_(n)H_(2n+ 1) -NA N≡C—C≡C— -AN —C≡C—C≡N -(cn)-

-(cn)

-(cn)m-

-m(cn)

On the left only in combination On the right only in combination -...n...- -C_(n)H_(2n)- -...n... -C_(n)H_(2n)- -...M...- —CFH— -...M... —CFH— -...D...- —CF₂— -...D... —CF₂— -...V...- —CH═CH— -...V... —CH═CH— ...Z...- —CO—O— -...Z... —CO—O— -...ZI...- —O—CO— -...ZI... —O—CO— -...K...- —CO— -...K... —CO— -...W...- —CF═CF— -...W... —CF═CF—

in which n and m are each integers, and the three dots “...” are placeholders for other abbreviations from this table.

Apart from the compounds of formula I, IIA, IIB, IIC and/or IID, IVa, IVb and V, the mixtures according to the invention optionally comprise one or more compounds of the compounds mentioned below.

The following abbreviations are used:

(n, m, k and l are, independently of one another, each an integer, preferably 1 to 9 preferably 1 to 7, k and l possibly may be also 0 and preferably are 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2 and most preferably 2, n preferably is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in the combination “-nO-” it preferably is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 2 or 4, m preferably is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in the combination “—Om” it preferably is 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination “—IVm” preferably is “2V1”.)

TABLE D

CAIY-n-Om

CCH-nm

CCH-nOm

CC-n-V

CC-n-Vm

CC-n-IV

CC-n-IVm

CC-V-V

CC-V-IV

CC-V-Vm

CC-Vk-IV

CC-nV-IV

CC-nV-Vm

CC-n-VV

CC-n-VVm

CVC-n-V

CVC-n-Vm

PCH-nm

PCH-nOm

PP-n-m

PP-n-Om

CCP-n-m

CCP-nOm

CCP-V-m

CCP-nV-m

CCP-VI-m

CCP-nVI-m

CCOC-n-m

CCZC-n-m

CCVC-n-m

CCVC-n-V

CCVC-n-IV

CLP-n-m

CLP-V-n

BCH-nm

CPG-n-m

CGP-n-m

PGP-n-m

PGP-n-IV

PGP-n-IVm

PGP-n-nap

PPY-n-Om

CCPC-nm

CBC-nm

CBC-nmF

CPGP-n-m

CY-V-n

CY-V-On

CY-nV-m

CY-nV-Om

CY-VI-m

CY-VI-Om

CY-nVI-m

CY-nVI-Om

PY-V-n

PY-V-On

PY-nV-m

PY-nV-Om

PY-VI-m

PY-VI-Om

PY-nVI-m

PY-nVI-Om

PEPY-n-Om

CCY-V-n

CCY-V-On

CCY-nV-m

CCY-nV-Om

CCY-VI-m

CCY-VI-Om

CCY-nVI-m

CCY-nVI-Om

CPY-V-n

CPY-V-On

CPY-nV-m

CPY-nV-Om

CPY-VI-m

CPY-VI-Om

CPY-nVI-k

CPY-nVI-Om

CY-n-m

CY-n-Om

LY-n-Om

CVY-n-m

CVY-V-n

CZY-n-Om

COY-n-m

COY-n-Om

Y-n-m

Y-n-Om

Y-nO-Om

PY-n-m

PY-n-Om

CCY-n-m

CCY-n-Om

CCY-n-mOI

CCZY-n-Om

CCOY-n-m

CCOY-n-Om

CLOY-n-Om

CPY-n-m

CPY-n-Om

PGIY-n-Om

PYP-n-m

PYP-n-V

PYP-n-IV

PYP-n-Vm

PYP-n-IVm

CP(F,CI)-n-Om

CLY-n-m

CLY-n-Om

CK-n-F

B-n-m

B-n-IV

B-Vn-IV

B-n-Om

B-nO-Om

CB-n-Om

PB-n-Om

B(S)-nO-Om

COB(S)-n-Om

B(S)-(c3)nO-Om

B(S)-(c5)nO-Om

B(S)-(c5en)nO-Om

B(S)-(c5)nO-Om(c3)

CCQU-n-F

Table E shows chiral dopants which are preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention.

TABLE E

C15

CB 15

CM 21

R S-811 / S-811

CM 44

CM 45

CM 47

CN

R-1011 / S-1011

R-2011 / S-2011

R-3011 / S-3011

R-4011 / S-4011

R-5011 / S-5011

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds from Table E.

Table F shows example compounds which can preferably be used as reactive mesogenic compounds in the LC media in accordance with the present invention. If the mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more reactive compounds, they are preferably employed in amounts of 0.01-5% by weight. It may also be necessary to add an initiator or a mixture of two or more initiators for the polymerisation. The initiator or initiator mixture is preferably added in amounts of 0.001-2% by weight, based on the mixture. A suitable initiator is, for example, Irgacure (BASF) or Irganox (BASF).

TABLE F

RM-1

RM-2

RM-3

RM-4

RM-5

RM-6

RM-7

RM-8

RM-9

RM-10

RM-11

RM-12

RM-13

RM-14

RM-15

RM-16

RM-17

RM-18

RM-19

RM-20

RM-21

RM-22

RM-23

RM-24

RM-25

RM-26

RM-27

RM-28

RM-29

RM-30

RM-31

RM-32

RM-33

RM-34

RM-35

RM-36

RM-37

RM-38

RM-39

RM-40

RM-41

RM-42

RM-43

RM-44

RM-45

RM-46

RM-47

RM-48

RM-49

RM-50

RM-51

RM-52

RM-53

RM-54

RM-55

RM-56

RM-57

RM-58

RM-59

RM-60

RM-61

RM-62

RM-63

RM-64

RM-65

RM-66

RM-67

RM-68

RM-69

RM-70

RM-71

RM-72

RM-73

RM-74

RM-75

RM-76

RM-77

RM-78

RM-79

RM-80

RM-81

RM-82

RM-83

RM-84

RM-85

RM-86

RM-87

RM-88

RM-89

RM-90

RM-91

RM-92

RM-93

RM-94

RM-95

RM-96

RM-97

RM-98

RM-99

RM-100

RM-101

RM-102

RM-103

RM-104

RM-105

RM-106

RM-107

RM-108

RM-109

RM-110

RM-111

RM-112

RM-113

RM-114

RM-115

RM-116

RM-117

RM-118

RM-119

RM-120

RM-121

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

In the foregoing and in the examples, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.

The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein and of corresponding EP application No. 21203211.4, filed Oct. 18, 2021, are incorporated by reference herein.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is illustrated in detail by the following non-restrictive working examples.

The following abbreviations and symbols are used:

V₀ threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C., n_(e) extraordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm, n_(o) ordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm, Δn optical anisotropy at 20° C. and 589 nm, ε_(⊥) dielectric permittivity perpendicular to the director at 20° C. and 1 kHz, ε∥ dielectric permittivity parallel to the director at 20° C. and 1 kHz, Δ_(ε) dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHz, cl.p., T(N,I) clearing point [°C], γ₁ rotational viscosity at 20° C. [mPa_(·)s], K₁ elastic constant, “splay” deformation at 20° C. [pN], K₂ elastic constant, “twist” deformation at 20° C. [pN], K₃ elastic constant, “bend” deformation at 20° C. [pN].

Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all concentrations in the present application are quoted in per cent by weight and relate to the corresponding mixture as a whole, comprising all solid or liquid-crystalline components, without solvents.

Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all temperature values indicated in the present application, such as, for example, for the melting point T(C,N), the transition from the smectic (S) to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N) and the clearing point T(N,I), are quoted in degrees Celsius (°C). M.p. denotes melting point, cl.p. = clearing point. Furthermore, C = crystalline state, N = nematic phase, S = smectic phase and I = isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures.

All physical properties are and have been determined in accordance with “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20° C., and Δn is determined at 589 nm and Δε at 1 kHz, unless explicitly indicated otherwise in each case.

The term “threshold voltage” for the present invention relates to the capacitive threshold (V₀), also known as the Freedericks threshold, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. In the examples, the optical threshold may also, as generally usual, be quoted for 10% relative contrast (V₁₀).

Unless stated otherwise, the process of polymerising the polymerisable compounds in the PSA displays as described above and below is carried out at a temperature where the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably is carried out at room temperature.

Unless stated otherwise, methods of preparing test cells and measuring their electrooptical and other properties are carried out by the methods as described hereinafter or in analogy thereto.

The display used for measurement of the capacitive threshold voltage consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates with a distance of 25 µm, each of which has on the inside an electrode layer and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on top, which effect homeotropic alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules.

The display or test cell used for measurement of the tilt angles consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates at a separation of 4 µm, each of which has on the inside an electrode layer and a polyimide alignment layer on top, where the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to one another and effect a homeotropic edge alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules.

The polymerisable compounds are polymerised in the display or test cell by irradiation with UV light of defined intensity for a prespecified time, with a voltage simultaneously being applied to the display (usually 10 V to 30 V alternating current, 1 kHz). In the examples, unless indicated otherwise, a fluorescent lamp and an intensity of 0 to 20 mW/cm² is used for polymerisation. The intensity is measured using a standard meter (Ushio Accumulate UV meter with central wavelength of 313 nm).

The transmission measurements are performed in test cells with fishbone electrode layout (from Merck Ltd., Japan; 1 pixel fishbone electrode (ITO, 10x10 mm, 47.7° angle of fishbone with 3 µm line/3 µm space), 3.2 µm cell gap, AF-glass, tilt angle 1°).

Mixture Examples

The nematic LC host mixtures M1 to M105 have the composition and physical properties given in the following tables:

Mixture M1 CCY-3-O2 7.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 116 CLY-3-O2 6.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1050 CLY-3-O3 6.0 % Δε(1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.5 CLY-2-O4 6.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.1 CLY-4-O2 6.0 % ε_(⊥)(1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 CLY-5-O2 6.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 24.0 PGIY-2-O4 6.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 20.6 CC-3-V 15.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 159 COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.55 CC-3-V1 9.0 % CC-4-V1 23.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M2 CCY-3-O2 7.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 112.5 CLY-3-O2 6.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1042 CLY-3-O3 6.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.5 CLY-2-O4 5.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.2 CLY-4-O2 6.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 CLY-5-O2 6.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 22.3 PGIY-2-O4 6.5 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 19.4 CC-3-V 21.5 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 150 COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.49 CC-3-V1 8.0 % CC-4-V1 18.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M3 CY-3-O4 20.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 87.5 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1084 CLY-3-O2 6.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -4.1 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.6 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 16.8 CPY-3-O2 2.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 15.2 PYP-2-3 9.5 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 147 COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.02 CC-4-V1 17.5 % CC-3-V1 8.0 % CCH-23 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M4 CCH-23 18.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 76 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1019 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.6 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CLY-3-O2 4.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.0 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 16.1 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 14.4 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 99 CY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.12 PY-3-O2 10.0 % LTS [h] (-20° C.) >1000 PY-1-O2 10.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M5 CC-3-V1 8.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 74.5 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1075 CCH-34 3.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.2 CCH-35 4.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.4 PP-1-2V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 CY-3-O2 13.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 16.4 PY-3-O2 13.5 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.6 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 102 CCP-3-1 7.5 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.42 CCY-3-O2 11.5 % LTS [h] (-20° C.) >1000 ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M6 CC-3-V1 8.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 73.5 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1086 CCH-34 2.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.0 CCH-35 4.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 PP-1-2V1 6.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.5 CY-3-O2 10.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 15.5 PY-1-O2 9.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.0 PY-2-O2 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 95 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.43 CCP-3-1 13.0 % CCY-3-O2 7.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M7 CC-3-V1 8.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 73.5 CC-4-V1 23.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1095 CCH-35 5.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.2 PP-1-2V1 6.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CY-3-O2 10.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 PY-1-O2 9.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 15.6 PY-2-O2 9.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.2 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 98 CCP-3-1 11.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.38 CCY-3-O2 9.5 % LTS [h] (-20° C.) >1000 ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M8 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 75 B(S)-2O-O5 2.5 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1096 CC-3-V1 9.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.1 CC-4-V1 20.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCH-34 3.5 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 CCH-35 4.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 16.5 PP-1-4 3.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 15.1 CY-3-O2 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 94 PY-3-O2 18.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.33 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % LTS [h] (-20° C.) >1000 CCP-V2-1 4.0 % CCP-3-1 15.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M9 CC-3-V1 9.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 75 CC-4-V1 23.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1056 CCH-34 5.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.2 CY-3-O2 9.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 PY-1-O4 7.5 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 PY-3-O2 16.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 16.1 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 15.6 CCP-V2-1 3.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 100 CCP-3-1 14.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.34 CPY-3-O2 4.5 % LTS [h] (-20° C.) 840 ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M10 CC-3-V1 9.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 76.5 CC-4-V1 20.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1078 CY-3-O2 15.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.2 CY-3-O4 11.5 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 PCH-53 7.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 BCH-32 7.5 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 14.3 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 15.0 CCP-3-1 6.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 116 CPY-3-O2 12.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.28 PYP-2-3 3.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M11 CC-3-V1 9.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 75.5 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1075 CC-3-O1 9.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.2 CY-3-O2 15.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CY-3-O4 4.5 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 PP-1-2V1 8.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 15.0 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.1 CCP-3-1 3.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 107 CCY-3-O2 5.5 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.38 CPY-3-O2 12.0 % LTS [h] (-20° C.) 1000 PYP-2-3 3.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M12 CCP-3-1 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 92 CCP-V-1 13.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1020 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -4.0 CLY-3-O2 5.5 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.7 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.6 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 19.2 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.7 CPY-3-O2 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 117 COB(S)-2-O4 3.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.16 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % B(S)-2O-O6 4.0 % CC-3-V1 8.0 % CC-4-V1 16.0 % CCH-23 9.7 % Y-4O-O4 9.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M13 CCP-3-1 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 92.5 CCP-V-1 11.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1018 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -4.0 CLY-3-O2 5.5 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.6 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 19.2 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.3 CPY-3-O2 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa_(·)s], (20° C.): 119 COB(S)-2-O4 6.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.14 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % B(S)-2O-O6 3.0 % CC-3-V1 8.0 % CC-4-V1 18.5 % CCH-23 9.2 % Y-4O-O4 9.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M14 CCP-3-1 4.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 94 CCP-V-1 11.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1019 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -4.0 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % ε_(∥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % ε_(⊥) (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.6 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 19.1 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.2 CPY-3-O2 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa·s], (20° C.): 124 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.14 B(S)-2O-O5 4.5 % CC-3-V1 7.5 % CC-4-V1 18.5 % CCH-23 9.7 % Y-4O-O4 9.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M15

Mixture M15 contains the compound B(S)-2O-O1 (c5)

CCP-3-1 4.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 93.5 CCP-V-1 11.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1017 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -4.0 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % K₁ [pN], (20° C.): 19.2 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % K₃ [pN], (20° C.): 16.1 C LY-4-O2 4.0 % γ₁ [mPa·s], (20° C.): 129 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % V₀ [V], (20° C.): 2.14 CPY-3-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % B(S)-2O-O1 (c5) 4.5 % CC-3-V1 7.5 % CC-4-V1 18.5 % CCH-23 9.7 % Y-4O-O4 9.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M16

Mixture M-16 contains the compound CLY-(c3)2-O2:

CCP-3-1 4.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 91 CCP-V-1 13.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1014 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -4.0 CLY-3-O2 5.5 % γ₁ [mPa·s], (20° C.): 120 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % C LY-4-O2 4.0 % CLY-(c3)2-O2 4.0 % CPY-3-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 3.0 % B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % B(S)-2O-O6 4.0 % CC-3-V1 8.0 % CC-4-V1 16.0 % CCH-23 9.7 % Y-4O-O4 9.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M17

Mixture M17 contains the compound B(S)-2O-O1 (c3)

CCP-3-1 4.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 91 CCP-V-1 13.0 % Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1015 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): -3.9 CLY-3-O2 5.5 % γ₁ [mPa·s], (20° C.): 119 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % C LY-4-O2 4.0 % CLY-5-O2 4.0 % CPY-3-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O1 (c3) 3.0 % B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % B(S)-2O-O6 4.0 % CC-3-V1 8.0 % CC-4-V1 16.0 % CCH-23 9.7 % Y-4O-O4 9.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M18 CC-3-V 17.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 85.2 CC-3-V1 10.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0927 CC-4-V1 10.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCH-35 5.0 % e_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CLY-2-O4 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.5 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CLY-3-O3 8.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.0 CLY-4-O2 5.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.27 CLY-5-O2 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 111 COB(S)-2-O4 3.0 % CY-3-O2 3.0 % CY-5-O2 13.0 % PYP-2-3 4.0 % Y-4O-O4 3.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M19 CC-3-V 24.5 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 87.1 CC-3-V1 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0925 CC-4-V1 10.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCH-35 1.5 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CCY-3-O2 7.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.5 CLY-2-O4 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.3 CLY-3-O3 8.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.28 CLY-4-O2 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 113 COB(S)-2-O4 3.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CY-3-O2 3.0 % CY-5-O2 13.0 % PYP-2-3 4.0 % Y-4O-O4 1.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M20 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 99.1 CC-3-V 10.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0907 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-4-V1 7.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CCH-23 10.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.9 CCH-35 5.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CCY-3-1 3.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.0 CCY-3-O1 3.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.34 CCY-3-O2 8.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 145 CCY-3-O3 3.0 % CLY-3-O2 8.0 % CLY-3-O3 7.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 2.0 % CY-3-O2 11.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M21 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 101.8 CC-3-V 14.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0908 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-4-V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.6 CCC-3-V 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.2 CCH-34 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 21.9 CCH-35 7.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.6 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.33 CCY-5-O2 0.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 156 CLOY-3-O2 12.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % C LY-3-O3 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % Y-4O-O4 5.5 % ∑ 100 %

Mixture M22 CC-3-V 12.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 96 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0836 CC-4-V1 8.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCC-3-V 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.3 CCH-34 4.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.9 CCH-35 8.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.5 CCP-3-1 0.75 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.6 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.44 CCY-5-O2 2.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 147 CLOY-3-O2 15.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % CLY-3-O3 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 1.0 % Y-4O-O4 8.25 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M23 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 98 CC-3-V 17.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0909 CC-3-V1 7.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-4-V1 8.0 % e_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.4 CCH-34 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.0 CCH-35 7.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.8 CCP-3-1 6.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.4 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.39 CCY-5-O2 2.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 147 CLOY-3-O2 12.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % C LY-3-O3 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 2.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % Y-4O-O4 5.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M24 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 117.7 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1012 CC-3-V 9.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.1 CC-3-V1 10.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CC-4-V1 12.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.7 CCH-34 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 27.2 CCH-35 8.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 24.5 CCP-3-1 6.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.71 CCP-V2-1 2.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 177 CCY-3-O2 8.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CLOY-3-O2 5.0 % CLY-3-O2 8.0 % CLY-3-O3 3.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 6.0 % CPY-3-O2 2.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M25 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 116.6 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1025 CC-3-V 11.5 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V1 9.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CC-4-V1 10.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.7 CCH-34 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 25.9 CCH-35 8.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.3 CCP-3-1 6.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.65 CCP-V2-1 2.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 176 CCY-3-O2 8.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CLOY-3-O2 5.5 % CLY-3-O2 8.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 6.0 % CPY-3-O2 4.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M26 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 116.3 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1031 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V 11.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CC-3-V1 9.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CC-4-V1 10.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 26.6 CCH-34 4.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.7 CCH-35 8.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.65 CCP-3-1 6.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 174 CCP-V2-1 4.0 % CCY-3-O2 8.0 % CLOY-3-O2 5.0 % CLY-3-O2 8.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 6.0 % CPY-3-O2 2.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M27 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 94 CC-3-V 14.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0914 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-4-V1 12.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CCH-35 8.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CCP-3-1 8.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.5 CCY-3-O2 1.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.0 CLOY-2-O4 5.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.42 CLOY-3-O2 12.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 147 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CLY-3-O3 4.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % Y-4O-O4 5.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M28 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 97.2 CC-3-V1 6.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1156 CC-4-V1 12.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CCH-23 18.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CCP-3-1 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.5 CCP-3-3 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.2 CCY-2-1 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.0 CCY-3-1 5.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.26 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 150 CPY-2-O2 7.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CPY-3-O2 4.5 % CY-5-O2 7.0 % PGIY-2-O4 6.0 % PYP-2-3 3.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M29 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 125.4 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1034 CC-3-V 15.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CC-4-V1 8.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.6 CCH-35 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 25.1 CCP-3-1 7.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 24.1 CCP-V2-1 7.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.71 CCY-3-O1 4.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 194 CCY-3-O2 7.0 % CCY-5-O2 6.0 % CLY-2-O4 1.0 % CLY-3-O2 7.0 % CLY-3-O3 3.5 % CLY-4-O2 4.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 5.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M30 B(S)-2O-O4 1.5 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 125.4 B(S)-2O-O5 1.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1025 CC-3-V 15.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CC-4-V1 8.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.7 CCH-303 2.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 24.9 CCH-35 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.7 CCP-3-1 7.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.68 CCP-V2-1 3.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 202 CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 7.0 % CCY-5-02 6.0 % CLY-3-O2 7.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % CPY-3-O2 3.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M31 CY-3-O4 20.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 87.5 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1084 CLY-3-O2 6.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.6 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.1 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.8 CPY-3-O2 2.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 PYP-2-3 9.5 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.02 COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 147 CC-4-V1 17.5 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-3-V1 8.0 % LTS bulk [h, -30° C.]: >1000 CCH-23 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M32 CC-4-V1 22.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 75 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1015 CCH-23 16.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CLY-3-O2 5.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.7 CLY-3-O3 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.7 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.09 PY-3-O2 11.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 100 PY-1-O2 8.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >600 CY-3-O2 4.5 % LTS bulk [h, -30° C.]: >840 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M33 CC-3-V 25.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 75 CC-4-V1 21.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1011 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 6.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CLY-3-O3 4.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.6 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.7 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 PY-3-O2 11.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.08 PY-1-O2 6.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 91 CY-3-O2 5.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 COB(S)-2-O4 9.0 % LTS bulk [h, -30° C.]: >1000 ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M34 CC-3-V1 8.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 74 CC-4-V1 19.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1023 CCH-301 15.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CY-3-O2 15.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CY-3-O4 2.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.2 PP-1-2V1 7.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 CCY-3-O2 8.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.9 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.34 CPY-2-O2 6.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 106 CPY-3-O2 12.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M35 CC-3-V1 8.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 73 CC-4-V1 14.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1025 CCH-301 17.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CY-3-O2 15.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 PCH-302 7.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.1 PP-1-2V1 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.8 CCP-V2-1 5.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.34 CPY-2-O2 5.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 106 CPY-3-O2 12.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M36 CC-3-V1 8.0 % T(_(N),_(I)) [°C]: 73.5 CC-4-V1 18.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1019 CCH-301 10.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CY-3-O2 15.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 PCH-302 17.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.1 BCH-32 2.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.7 CCP-3-1 1.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.3 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.36 CPY-2-O2 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CPY-3-O2 12.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M37 CC-3-V1 8.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 74.5 CC-4-V1 18.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1026 CCH-301 16.5 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CY-3-O2 18.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 BCH-32 2.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.2 PP-1-2V1 6.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 CCY-3-O2 7.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.0 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.37 CPY-2-O2 3.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CPY-3-O2 15.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M38 CC-3-V1 8.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 74.5 CC-4-V1 15.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1027 CCH-301 18.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CY-3-O2 18.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CCP-31 5.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.2 PP-1-2V1 6.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 CCY-3-O2 2.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.9 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.35 CPY-2-O2 4.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CPY-3-O2 15.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 COB(S)-2-O4 7.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M39 CCP-3-1 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 94 CCP-V-1 11.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1022 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 5.5 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.9 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.1 CLY-5-O2 3.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CPY-3-O2 5.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.17 COB(S)-2-O4 6.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 123 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % B(S)-2O-O6 3.0 % CC-3-V1 8.0 % CC-4-V1 18.5 % CCH-23 9.2 % Y-4O-O4 9.0 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M40 CCP-3-1 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 94.5 CCP-V-1 12.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1010 CLY-2-O4 4.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CLY-3-O2 4.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.6 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.9 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.5 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.1 CPY-3-O2 7.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.13 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 128 CC-3-V1 7.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: CC-4-V1 18.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CCH-23 8.7 % Y-4O-O4 11.0 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M41 CCP-3-1 3.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 94 CCP-V-1 10.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1008 CLY-2-O4 3.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2 4.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.4 CLY-3-O3 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.9 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.9 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 CPY-3-O2 7.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.19 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 129 CC-3-V1 9.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-4-V1 19.0 % CCH-23 7.7 % CY-3-O2 9.0 % Y-4O-O4 6.0 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M42 CCP-V-1 5.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 93 CLY-2-O4 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1018 CLY-3-O2 3.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CLY-3-O3 3.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.4 CPY-3-O2 7.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.5 PGIY-2-O4 3.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.19 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 133 CC-3-V1 9.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-4-V1 19.0 % CCH-23 13.2 % CY-3-O2 15.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M43 CCP-3-1 5.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 93.5 CCP-V-1 6.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1016 CLY-2-O4 2.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2 4.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.3 CLY-3-O3 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CLY-4-O2 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 CLY-5-O2 4.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CPY-3-O2 4.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.23 PGIY-2-O4 2.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 119 COB(S)-2-O4 14.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-3-V1 11.5 % CC-4-V1 19.0 % CC-3-V 10.2 % CY-3-O2 3.0 % Y-4O-O4 8.0 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M44 CCP-3-1 9.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 92.5 CCP-V-1 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1019 CLY-2-O4 2.5 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.3 CLY-3-O3 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.7 CLY-4-O2 2.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.0 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 CPY-3-O2 4.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.23 PGIY-2-O4 3.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 126 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-3-V1 11.0 % CC-4-V1 19.5 % CCH-23 6.7 % CY-3-O2 5.5 % Y-4O-O4 8.0 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M45 CCP-3-1 5.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 93 CCP-V-1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1022 CLY-2-O4 2.5 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 4.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CLY-3-O3 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CLY-4-O2 3.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 CLY-5-O2 3.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 CPY-3-O2 4.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.17 PGIY-2-O4 3.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 125 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-3-V1 10.0 % CC-4-V1 19.0 % CCH-34 7.7 % CY-3-O2 6.0 % Y-4O-O4 8.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M46 CCP-3-1 12.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 91 CCP-V-1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1024 CLY-2-O4 3.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 2.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.4 PGIY-2-O4 3.7 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 COB(S)-2-O5 7.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 CC-3-V1 10.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.13 CC-4-V1 19.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 120 CCH-34 7.5 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CY-3-O2 6.5 % Y-4O-O4 8.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M47 CCP-3-1 12.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 90.5 CCP-V-1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1031 CLY-2-O4 3.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 3.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.4 CLY-3-O3 2.2 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 PGIY-2-O4 4.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.1 COB(S)-2-O4 16.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 CC-3-V1 10.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.14 CC-4-V1 19.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 121 CCH-34 5.5 % CY-3-O2 8.0 % Y-4O-O4 8.5 % CCQU-3-F 0.3 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M48 CCY-2-1 6.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 81 CCY-3-O2 2.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1020 CLY-2-O4 5.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.0 CLY-3-O3 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.6 PYP-2-3 10.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 COB(S)-2-O4 10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 CC-3-V1 6.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.08 CC-4-V1 15.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 119 CCH-23 18.0% LTS bulk [h, -10° C.]: >1000 CY-3-O2 15.0% CY-3-O4 2.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M49 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 80.5 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0945 CC-4-V1 10.5% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCH-23 8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CCH-301 12.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.0 CCH-34 3.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 CCP-V-1 12.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 CCP-V2-1 11.5% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.31 CCY-3-O2 1.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 93 CK-3-F 4.0% CK-4-F 2.5% COB(S)-2-O4 12.0% CY-3-O2 1.5% PY-1-O2 1.5% PY-2-O2 4.0% Y-4O-O4 3.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M50 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 79.5 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0943 CC-4-V1 8.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCH-23 7.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CCH-301 9.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.2 CCH-34 5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.3 CCP-V-1 14.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 CCP-V2-1 11.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.22 CCY-3-O2 7.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 91 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0% CY-3-O2 1.5% PY-2-O2 4.5% Y-4O-O4 8.5% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M51 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 82 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0935 CC-4-V1 20.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCH-32 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.1 CCY-3-O2 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.5 CCP-V-1 7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.5 CCP-V2-1 15.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.18 CY-3-O2 4.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 96 Y-4O-O4 10.5% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M52 CC-3-V1 8.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 73 CC-4-V1 20.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1029 CCH-301 10.5% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCH-303 2.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CCH-34 0.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.1 CCY-3-O2 11.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 COB(S)-2-O4 7.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.3 CLP-3-T 1.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.41 CPY-3-O2 10.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 106 CY-3-O2 15.5% LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CY-3-O4 3.5% PP-1-2V1 10.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M53 CC-3-V1 8.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 73 CC-4-V1 20.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1031 CCH-301 11.5% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCH-303 2.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCH-34 3.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.0 CCY-3-O2 7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 COB(S)-2-O4 7.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 CPY-2-O2 8.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.36 CPY-3-O2 8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 101 CY-3-O2 16.0% LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 PP-1-2V1 9.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M54 CCP-3-1 8.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 79 CCY-3-O2 8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1020 CCY-4-O2 7.5% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.0 CPY-3-O2 7.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.8 PYP-2-3 5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.8 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 CC-3-V1 6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 CC-4-V1 15.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 1.84 CCH-23 9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 130 CY-3-O2 13.0% Y-4O-O4 9.5% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M55 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 97.5 CCP-V-1 6.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1018 CCP-V2-1 7.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCY-3-O2 6.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.3 CCY-4-O2 5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CLY-3-O3 2.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.0 CPY-3-O2 6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.8 B(S)-2O-O4 3.5% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.21 B(S)-2O-O5 4.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 125 CC-3-V1 8.0% LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: >1000 CC-4-V1 15.5% CCH-23 18.0% Y-4O-O4 5.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M56 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 106 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1011 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V 18.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.8 CC-3-V1 10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.2 CC-4-V1 7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.9 CCG-V-F 3.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.2 CCH-35 5.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.47 CCP-3-1 3.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 179 CCY-3-O2 9.0% CLOY-3-O2 13.5% CLY-3-O2 8.0% CLY-4-O2 5.0% CLY-5-O2 5.0% CPY-3-O2 2.5% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M57

Mixture M57 contains 99.965% of Mixture M56 and 0.035% of the compound ST-3a-1:

Mixture M58 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 117.7 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1028 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V1 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.0 CC-4-V1 15.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.9 CCH-34 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 27.5 CCH-35 7.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 27.2 CCP-3-1 7.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.80 CCP-V2-1 10.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 217 CCY-3-O2 7.0% CLOY-3-O2 15.0% CLY-3-O2 9.0% CLY-5-O2 5.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M59 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 107.9 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1020 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.1 CC-3-V 10.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CC-3-V1 11.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.4 CC-4-V1 7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.9 CC-3-O3 5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.4 CCH-35 10.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.48 CCP-3-1 7.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 180 CCP-V2-1 1.0% CCY-3-O2 8.0% CLOY-3-O2 10.5% CLY-3-O2 8.0% CLY-5-O2 5.0% COB(S)-2-O4 6.0% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M60 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 104.4 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1015 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-V 15.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CC-3-V1 10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.2 CC-4-V1 7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 22.9 CCH-3O3 5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 21.6 CCH-35 10.0% V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.38 CCP-3-1 4.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 162 CCY-3-O2 8.0% CLOY-3-O2 8.0% CLY-3-O2 8.0% CLY-5-O2 5.0% COB(S)-2-O4 8.5% ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M61 B(S)-2O-O4 1.0% T_((N,I)) [°C]: 115.3 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 25° C.]: 0.0917 CC-3-V 5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.2 CC-3-V1 8.0% K₁ [pN, 25° C.]: 25.7 CC-4-V1 10.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 223 CCH-34 7.0 % CCH-35 12.0 % CCP-3-1 1.0 % CCY-3-O2 10.0 % CCY-4-O2 2.0 % CCY-5-O2 7.0 % CLOY-3-O2 15.0 % CLY-3-O2 9.0 % CLY-4-O2 1.5 % CLY-5-O2 6.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 1.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M61 additionally contains 400 ppm of the compound ST-3b-1:

Mixture M62 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 118 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1028 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.1 CC-3-V1 10.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CC-4-V1 15.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.6 CCH-35 10.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 28.0 CCP-3-1 8.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 28.3 CCP-3-3 2.5 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.96 CCP-V2-1 10.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 208 CCY-3-O2 5.0 % CLOY-3-O2 15.0 % CLY-3-O2 7.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % CPY-3-O2 1.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Polymerisable Mixture Examples Mixture P1

Mixture example P1 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-1, 0.40% of the compound RM-1

and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P2

Mixture example P2 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-2, 0.40% of the compound RM-1 and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P3

Mixture example P3 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-3, 0.40% of the compound RM-1 and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P4

Mixture example P4 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-4, 0.40% of the compound RM-1 and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P5

Mixture example P5 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-5, 0.40% of the compound RM-1 and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P6

Mixture example P6 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-6, 0.40% of the compound RM-19 and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P7

Mixture example P7 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-7, 0.40% of the compound RM-19 and 0.005% of the compound ST-3b-1.

Mixture P8

Mixture example P8 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-8, 0.40% of the compound RM-35

and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P9

Mixture example P9 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-9, 0.40% of the compound RM-156

and 0.005% of the compound ST-3a-1.

Mixture P10

Mixture example P10 consists of 99.595% of Mixture M-10, 0.40% of the compound RM-157

and 0.005% of the compound ST-3b-1.

Mixture P11

Mixture example P11 consists of 99.685% of Mixture M62, 0.30% of the compound RM-1

and 0.015 % of ST-3a-1

Mixture M63 B(S)-2O-O5 2.5 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74.4 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1113 CC-4-V1 20.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCH-34 7.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CCH-35 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.3 CCP-3-1 8.0 % γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]: 99 CCP-3-3 2.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.0 CCY-3-O2 10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.3 CLY-3-O2 2.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.37 CPY-3-O2 7.0 % PY-1-O2 11.0% PY-2-O2 11.0% PY-3-O2 8.0 % ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M64 B(S)-2O-O4 5.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74.3 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1302 BCH-32 9.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V 15.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-V1 7.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -2.9 CC-4-V1 13.0 % γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]: 89 CCP-3-1 10.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 CLY-3-O2 2.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.0 CPY-3-O2 2.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.42 PY-1-O2 12.0% PY-3-O2 10.0% PYP-2-3 9.0 % ∑ 100.0%

Mixture M65

Mixture M65 consists of 99.09 % of Mixture M64 and 0.91 % of the chiral dopant S-4011

Mixture M66

Mixture M66 consists of 99.7 % of Mixture M65 and 0.3 % of the following reactive mesogen:

Mixture M67

Mixture M67 consists of 99.985 % of Mixture M66 and 0.015 % of ST-3a-1

Mixture M68 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1127 CC-4-V1 20.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCH-34 6.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CCH-35 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.3 CCP-3-1 6.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CCY-3-O2 11.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.36 PCH-302 5.0 % PY-1-O2 10.0 % PY-2-O2 10.0 % PY-3-O2 3.5 % PY-4-O2 2.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M69

Mixture example M69 consists of 99.685 % of Mixture M67, 0.30 % of the compound RM-1

and 0.015 % of ST-3a-1

Mixture M70 B(S)-2O-O5 2.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 108.4 CC-3-V 15.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: CC-3-V1 10.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.1 CC-4-V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CCH-303 3.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.1 CCH-34 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 151 CCH-35 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.1 CCY-3-O2 9.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.0 CLOY-3-O2 15.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.87 CLP-V-1 5.5 % CLY-3-O2 8.0 % CLY-3-O3 4.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M71

Mixture example M71 consists of 99.96 % of Mixture M70 and 0.04 % of the compound ST-3b1

Mixture M72 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 77.5 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1149 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.2 CC-3-V 18.5 ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 10.6 CC-3-V1 6.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -6.4 CC-4-V1 3.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 149 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 COB(S)-2-O4 8.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 CPY-2-O2 10.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 1.64 CPY-3-O2 10.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CY-3-O2 15.5 % LTS bulk [h, -30° C.]: 1000 CY-3-O4 9.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M73 CC-3-V1 9.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 75 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1152 CCH-301 6.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CY-3-O2 7.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CY-3-04 4.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.3 PP-1-2V1 8.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 103 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.7 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.5 CCP-3-1 5.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.33 CLY-3-O2 8.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % PYP-2-3 3.0 % LY-3-O2 8.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M74 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 75.5 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1100 BCH-32 8.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V1 9.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CC-4-V1 23.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.2 CCP-3-1 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 98 CCP-V2-1 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.5 CCY-3-O2 6.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.38 CY-3-O2 15.5 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 PY-3-O2 14.0 % PY-1-O4 2.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M75 BCH-32 5.5 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74 CC-3-V1 9.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1258 CC-4-V1 12.5 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCH-24 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.3 CCH-25 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.5 CCP-3-1 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CPY-3-O2 11.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.2 PP-1-2V1 7.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 PY-1-O2 10.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.30 PY-2-O2 8.0 % LY-3-O2 5.5 % B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % CCY-3-O2 9.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M76 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1278 B(S)-2O-O6 2.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-4-V1 18.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CCH-35 6.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.1 PP-1-3 8.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 PP-1-4 4.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.5 PY-1-O2 10.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 PY-2-O2 8.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.38 CCP-3-1 13.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 672 CCP-3-3 7.5 % CCY-3-O2 10.0 % PGIY-2-O4 4.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M77 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 73.5 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1286 BCH-32 11.5 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CC-3-V 16.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CC-3-V1 7.5 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -2.9 CC-4-V1 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 88 CCP-3-1 10.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 LY-3-O2 4.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 CPY-3-O2 6.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.37 PY-1-O2 8.5 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 PY-2-O2 7.5 % PYP-2-3 8.0 % CY-1-O2 2.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M78 CC-3-V1 7.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1351 CCP-3-1 14.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCY-3-O2 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CY-3-O2 6.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.0 PP-1-2V1 10.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 107 PY-1-O2 9.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.4 PY-3-O2 8.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.0 PGIY-2-O4 14.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.49 B(S)-2O-O4 2.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M79 B(S)-2O-O4 3.0 % T_((N,l)) [°C]: 74.5 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1331 CC-3-V 10.0 % ε_(ll) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CC-4-V1 22.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.1 PP-1-2V1 8.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 98 PY-1-O2 10.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 PY-3-O2 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.0 CCP-3-1 3.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.40 CPY-2-O2 6.0 % CPY-3-O2 12.0 % PGIY-2-O4 7.0 % PYP-2-3 2.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M80 B(S)-2O-O4 3.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1356 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 BCH-32 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CC-4-V1 12.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.0 CCH-23 14.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 99 CCP-3-1 14.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.3 CPY-3-O2 7.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.0 PCH-301 3.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.38 PGIY-2-O4 6.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 792 PP-1-2V1 7.0 % PY-1-O2 9.5 % PY-2-O2 8.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M81 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 75 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1340 B(S)-2O-O6 2.5 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V 10.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CC-3-V1 7.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.0 CC-4-V1 18.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 91 PP-1-2V1 6.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 PY-1-O2 9.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 PY-2-O2 9.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.42 BCH-32 7.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CCP-3-1 7.5 % CPY-3-O2 11.0 % PYP-2-3 4.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M82 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 118.4 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1477 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 B-2O-O5 4.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.9 CC-3-V 12.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -5.2 CC-3-V1 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 231 CC-4-V1 1.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 22.9 CCP-V-1 15.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.8 CCP-V2-1 7.5 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.12 CCP-3-1 2.0 % CLY-3-O2 7.0 % CLY-3-O3 2.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 7.0 % CPY-3-O2 9.0 % CPY-2-O2 4.0 % PGIGI-3-F 5.0 % PGIY-2-O4 6.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M83 B(S)-2O-O4 5.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 74.5 B(S)-2O-O6 0.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1328 BCH-32 8.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V 15.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -2.9 CC-4-V1 7.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 89 CCP-V-1 11.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 CCP-V2-1 4.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 CLY-3-O2 2.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.37 COB(S)-2-O4 4.0 % PY-1-O2 10.5 % PY-3-O2 14.5 % PYP-2-3 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M84 B(S)-2O-O4 5.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 74.8 B(S)-2O-O6 0.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1341 BCH-32 8.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V 14.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -2.8 CC-4-V1 9.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 90 CCP-V-1 12.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 CCP-V2-1 1.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 CLY-3-O2 2.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.39 COB(S)-2-O4 4.0 % PY-1-O2 10.0 % PY-3-O2 13.5 % PYP-2-3 12.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M85 B(S)-2O-O4 1.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 96.9 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1143 CC-3-V1 6.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-4-V1 8.5 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CCH-23 18.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.1 CCP-3-1 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 161 CCP-3-3 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.6 CCY-2-1 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.1 CCY-3-1 5.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.11 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % CPY-2-O2 8.0 % CY-5-O2 9.5 % PGIY-2-O4 6.0 % PYP-2-3 2.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M86 CC-3-V1 8.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 100.5 CC-4-V1 1.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1109 CCH-23 18.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CCH-34 5.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.3 CCY-3-O2 11.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.8 CCY-4-O2 9.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 190 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.6 COB(S)-2-O4 8.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 CPY-2-O2 3.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.05 CPY-3-O2 11.5 % CY-3-O4 15.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M87 B(S)-2O-O4 4.5 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 73.1 B(S)-2O-O5 4.5 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1124 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 BCH-32 9.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CC-3-V1 8.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -2.8 CC-4-V1 20.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 81 CCH-24 5.5 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CCH-34 9.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.2 CCH-35 9.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.27 CLY-3-O2 3.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % PY-1-O2 11.5 % PY-2-O2 5.5 % PYP-2-3 2.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M88 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 97.2 CC-3-V1 6.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1156 CC-4-V1 12.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CCH-23 18.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CCP-3-1 5.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.5 CCP-3-3 5.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 150 CCY-2-1 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.2 CCY-3-1 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.0 COB(S)-2-O4 12.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.26 CPY-2-O2 7.0 % LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]: 1000 CPY-3-O2 4.5 % CY-5-O2 7.0 % PGIY-2-O4 6.0 % PYP-2-3 3.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M89 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 82.2 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1154 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 CC-3-V 29.5 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.8 CC-3-V1 10.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -5.0 CC-4-V1 1.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 114 CLY-3-O2 9.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.9 CLY-5-O2 3.5 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.9 COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 1.92 CPY-3-O2 9.0 % LY-3-O2 15.0 % PYP-2-3 1.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M90 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % T_((N,I)) [°C]: 81.6 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0927 B(S)-2O-O6 2.5 % ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 B-2O-O5 1.5 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CC-3-V 30.0 % Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.4 CC-3-V1 9.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 84 CC-4-V1 10.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 CCH-35 6.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.7 CCY-3-O2 7.5 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.27 CLY-3-O2 8.0 % CLY-3-O3 6.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 2.5 % CY-3-O2 5.0 % Y-4O-O4 2.0 % CPY-2-O2 1.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M91

Mixture example M91 consists of 99.955 % of Mixture M90 and 0.04 % of the compound

and 0.005 % of the compound

Mixture M92 CC-3-V1 10.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 126.5 CC-4-V1 15.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1027 CCH-301 10.5 % e_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CCOC-3-3 4.0 % ε_(⊥)[1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.0 CCOC-4-3 3.5 % Δ_(ε) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CCP-3-1 9.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 197 CCPC-35 3.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 26.0 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.4 CCY-5-02 7.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.62 CLY-2-O4 5.0 % CLY-3-O2 9.0 % CLY-3-O3 6.0 % CLY-5-O2 4.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 4.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M93

Mixture example M93 consists of 99.965 % of Mixture M92 and 0.035 % of the compound ST-3a-1

Mixture M94 B(S)-20-O4 4.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 110.1 B(S)-20-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1025 B(S)-20-O6 4.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V 10.5 % ε_(⊥)[1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.0 CC-3-V1 11.0 % Δ_(ε) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.8 CC-4-V1 15.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 157 CCH-35 12.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 24.7 CCP-3-1 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 22.6 CCP-3-3 1.0 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.57 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % CLOY-3-O2 3.5 % CLY-3-O2 7.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M95

Mixture example M95 consists of 99.965 % of Mixture M94 and 0.035 % of the compound ST-3a-1

Mixture M96 B(S)-20-O6 3.5 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 126.1 B(S)-20-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1014 CC-3-V 15.0 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.2 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CC-4-V1 4.0 % Δ_(ε) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -3.7 CCH-34 3.5 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 200 CCH-35 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 26.5 CCP-3-1 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.7 CCP-V2-1 5.5 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.66 CCY-3-O1 5.5 % CCY-3-O2 7.0 % CCY-5-02 6.0 % CLY-3-O2 7.0 % CLY-3-O3 6.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 5.0 % CCOC-3-3 1.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M97

Mixture example M97 consists of 99.97 % of Mixture M96 and 0.03 % of the compound ST-3a-1

Mixture M98 B(S)-20-O4 2.5 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 112.8 B(S)-20-O5 3.0 % Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1015 B(S)-20-O6 2.5 % ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-V 19.0 % ε_(⊥)[1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.4 CC-3-V1 6.5 % Δ_(ε) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.2 CC-4-V1 4.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 167 CCH-303 5.0 % K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 23.7 CCH-34 5.0 % K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.8 CCH-35 4.5 % V₀ [V, 20° C.]: 2.34 CCP-3-1 3.5 % CCY-3-O2 7.0 % CCY-5-02 6.0 % CLY-3-O2 5.5 CLY-3-O3 6.0 % CLY-4-O2 5.0 % CLY-5-O2 5.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 10.0 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M99

Mixture example M99 consists of 99.965 % of Mixture M98 and 0.035 % of the compound ST-3a-1

Mixture M100 B(S)-2O-O1(c5) 1.0 % T(_(N,I)) [°C]: 115.3 B(S)-20-O6 4.0 % Δn [589 nm, 25° C.]: 0.0914 CC-3-V 5.0 % Δ_(ε) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: -4.1 CC-3-V1 8.0 % K₁ [pN, 25° C.]: 25.6 CC-4-V1 10.0 % γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 233 CCH-34 7.0 % CCH-35 12.0 % CCP-3-1 1.0 % CCY-3-O2 10.0 % CCY-4-O2 2.0 % CCY-5-02 7.0 % CLOY-3-O2 15.0 % CLY-3-O2 9.0 % CLY-4-O2 1.5 % CLY-5-O2 6.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 1.5 % ∑ 100.0 %

Mixture M101

Mixture M101 consists of 99.09 % of Mixture M100 and 0.91 % of the chiral dopant S-4011

Mixture M102

Mixture M102 consists of 99.7 % of Mixture M101 and 0.3 % of the following reactive mesogen:

Mixture M103

Mixture M103 consists of 99.985 % of Mixture M102 and 0.015 % of ST-3a-1

Mixture M104

Mixture M104 consists of 99.7 % of Mixture M100 and 0.3 % of the following reactive mesogen:

Mixture M105

Mixture M105 consists of 99.7 % of Mixture M100 and 0.3 % of the following reactive mesogen:

The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.

From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. 

1. A liquid crystal medium comprising one or more compounds of formula I

and one, two, three or more compounds of formula III

in which R¹¹ and R¹², each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by

—C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, by —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, A¹ on each occurrence, independently of one another, denotes a 1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or a 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-cyclohexenylene radical, in which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— or —S—, where the radicals may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen atoms, n denotes 0, 1 or 2, Z¹ on each occurrence independently of one another denotes —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —C□C— or a single bond, L¹¹ and L¹², each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃ or CHF₂, and W denotes O or S.
 2. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3

in which R¹¹, R¹², identically or differently, denote H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals are optionally replaced, independently of one another, by —C═C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—,

, —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen.
 3. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 2, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of the formulae III-1 and III-2.

.
 4. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 3, wherein the medium comprises one, two or more compounds of formula III-2.
 5. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID,

in which R^(2A), R^(2B), R^(2C) and R^(2D) each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms or an alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms, each of which is unsubstituted, or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—,

—C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another; L¹ and L² each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃ or CHF₂; Y denotes H, F, Cl, CF₃, CHF₂ or CH₃; Z², Z^(2B) and Z^(2D) each, independently of one another, denote a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—,, —CF₂O—, —OCF2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —COO—, —OCO—; p denotes 0, 1 or 2; q denotes 0 or 1; and v denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or
 6. 6. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-3,

in which alkyl denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes an alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms, and from which the compound of formula I is excluded.
 7. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 6, wherein the medium comprises a compound of formula IV-3, in which alkenyl denotes

in which m is 0, 1 or 2 and n is 0.1 or
 2. 8. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 7, in which the medium additionally comprises a compound of formula IV-3 each of which is unsubstituted, or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where one or more CH2 groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—,

, C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another; in which alkenyl denotes vinyl.
 9. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV-1,

in which alkyl and alkyl’, identically or differently, denote alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, in a total amount in the range of from 1% to 30%.
 10. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula V

in which R⁵¹, R⁵² denote alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 7 C atoms,

identically or differently, denote

Z⁵¹, Z⁵² each, independently of one another, denote —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—O—, —CH═CH—, —C═C—, —COO— or a single bond, and n is 1 or
 2. 11. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula I

in which Ar denotes an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms; Sp denotes a spacer group; R^(S) denotes H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms; Z^(S) denotes —O—, —C(O)O—, —(CH₂)_(z)— or —(CH₂)_(z)O—, or a single bond; HA denotes

R^(H) denotes H, O^(•), CH₃, OH or OR^(S); R^(S1), R^(S2), R^(S3) and R^(S4), identically or differently, denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms; G denotes H or R^(S) or a group Z^(S)-HA; z is an integer from 1 to 6; and q is 3 or
 4. 12. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the following group of compounds of the formula

wherein R⁵¹ and R⁵² independently denote alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 7 C atoms, and alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, (O)alkyl* or (O)-alkyl denotes alkyl* or O-alkyl* R, R¹¹ and R¹² each, independently of one another, are H, an alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms or an alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms, each of which is unsubstantituted, or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—,

, —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —OC—O or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another; L¹ and L², each, independently of one another, denote F or Cl L³ denotes H or CH₃ (O) denotes O or a single bond R^(IIIA) denotes alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms or a group Cy-C_(m)H_(2m+l) m and n are, identically or differently, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, Cy denotes a cycloaliphatic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which is optionally substituted with alkyl or alkenyl each having up to 3 C atoms, or with halogen or CN L³¹ and L³², each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃ or CHF₂ and R³¹ and R³² each, independently of one another, are an alkyl or alkoxy radical having alkenyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms.
 13. A liquid crystal display comprising the liquid crystal medium according to claim
 1. 14. The display according to claim 13, wherein the display is a VA, IPS, FFS, PS-VA, PS-IPS or PS-FFS display.
 15. (canceled)
 16. (canceled)
 17. A process of preparing a liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising the steps of mixing one or more compounds of the formulae I and III and preferably with one or more compounds selected from the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID, and optionally with further LC compounds and/or additives. 